From Exclusion, Segregation To Integrate

American Chinese is a special and important branch among the Overseas Chinese. They have faced and overcome great difficulties since they set foot on American land about one and half century ago, and took a better status through hard struggling at last. They have gained the honor of model immigrants in the country.American Chinese live in the country where the dominant culture belongs to the Hesperian civilization. They have to confront the conflicts between Oriental and Hesperian civilization. Scholars have strong interests with the problem how the immigrants deal with the two quite different cultures contradiction.The one of important reasons why American Chinese achieved successes is due to paying great attention to education of young generation, especially the education of Chinese language and culture (ECLC). The faith and acting have been always persisting by American Chinese, and proved to be effect in the cultivation of young generation.Following the clue of history of ECLC on American Chinese from the past to the present, this dissertation consists of four parts except of the preface and closing remarks.In the first part, the author tries to analyze the general situation of ELCE on forepart American Chinese from 19th century to the early 20th century, introducing the background how Chinese arrived in America and their life after arriving. The early American Chinese immigrants encountered severe hurts and persecution disposed by American racists, including the federal Law of Excluding the Chinese in 1882. The Chinese kids was refused to go to local public schools, or had to go to the separated school. In such a situation, American Chinese had to established their own schools of ELCE in America, especially in San Francisco and Hawaii. The part introduces the activities of Ling Qinggui, an important official of Qing Dynasty, aswell, who played an important role in developing schools of ELCE for American Chinese.The second part makes tentative approaches to the general situation of ELCE on American Chinese from the founding of the Republic of China in early 20th century to the end of the World War II in 1945. Because of the founding of new social system in China, American Chinese felt exciting. They built many schools to promulgate the Chinese culture tradition. General speaking, the chief feature of Chinese American education including ELCE in the period was still segregated and unacceptable by American mainstreaming.The third part probes the general situation of ELCE on American Chinese from the end of World War II to 70's of 20th century. The important event for American Chinese is abolishing of the Law of Excluding the Chinese (1882). The new Chinese immigration in this period affected the ELCE greatly. At the same time, the American Chinese tried to adjust their minds, which put important infection to ELCE in the future.The last part summed up the general situation of ELCE on American Chinese since 1970's to the current time, introducing the school types, contents of instruction, and organization of ELCE and etc. The author points -out that as Mainland China become more and more powerful in the world, ELCE is gradually acceptable by American main society. So integrating ELCE with American main education gradually became the distinguished feature of ELCE.