Educational Equality In Socialist Market Economy

Through the discussion of the ethical problems likely to be brought about by tht cloning of man, the thesis intends to seek some bases of forbidding cloning from the angle of ethics and probe into the related countermeasures as well.Cloning refers to the non-sexual reproduction of the hereditarily same organism or cells groups. The technology of cloning stems from the research and application of the hereditary substances. It has experienced the four stages of plant cloning, microbes cloning, macromolecule cloning and animal cloning. The cloning of man refers to the non-sexual reproduction of man. It includes remedial cloning and reproductive cloning. This thesis will discuss the latter, i.e. the reproduction of a whole man. Because of the technical unmaturity and ethical unacceptability, various countries, the international organizations concerned, major science circles and the general public all hold the view that cloning of man should be firmly combated and forbidden.Cloning violates the nature of human life. It will exert great influence on human society and bring about various ethical problems and is thus undefensible and unacceptable. Firstly, cloning will change the natural, social and thought attribute of humans and make human nature severely challenged. This can be reflected from the following aspects: (1) Cloning will change the natural attribute of humans, dissimilate heredity principles, unbalance the proportion of sexes and lead to the change of reproduction pattern and dehumanization of reproduction process. (2) Cloning will change human nature and block the socialization and individualization of humans. (3) Cloning will change the spiritual attribute of humans and cause the loss of the ego. (4) Cloning will cause the decomposition and technicalizaiton of human nature. Secondly,cloning will objectify and instrumentalize humans, belittle the value and dignity of human. Thirdly, cloning will lead to the chaotic state of human relations and challenge the traditional marital family. Finally, cloning violates the basic principles of bioethics-the principles of non-maleficence, justice and autonomy.Although people from all walks of life generally agree that cloning should be combated and forbidden, there are still few scientists and part of the public who support the idea of cloning. The reasons for supporting are as follows: (1) Cloning is done for the purpose of remedy the reproductive defect of some individuals, meeting the demand of those who are sterile and yet desire child. (2) Cloning is for healthier reproduction. (3) Cloning is for scientific research. (4) Cloning serves special purposes (such as organ transplantation, artificial soldier who can replace man, etc). All these arguments have serious ethical problems and cannot provide convincing evidence for cloning, therefore, can be easily refuted.Cloning is just like a double-sided sword-It may bring great benefit for thehumans and grave disaster as well. To avoid the abuse of cloning and stop the related experiment, the following countermeasures must be immediately taken: (1) strengthen the moral discipline on science and technology, (2) strengthen the regulation and control taken by various governments and organizations, (3) strengthen the supervision of public opinion, (4) popularize the inculcation of bioethics. It can be concluded that only the means of administration, law, morality, public opinion and inculcation be taken, can the dissimilation of the technology of cloning be avoided and the healthy development of cloning toward the direction of benefiting humans be ensured...