The Monitoring And Evaluation Of Part Immunological And Biochemical Parameters In Elite Swimmers During Winter Training

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effect of winter training on physical function in elite swimmers and found out the adaptability of swimmers to training load, giving suggestions for arrangement of scientific training by assessment of the changes in iron metabolism, immunological variables, endocrine, and other related biochemical parameters in fifteen elite swimmers.Methods: Fifteen elite swimmers volunteered to participate in this study. Baselin(?) data were collected before winter training. The serum ferritin (SF), transferring saturation(TS), routine blood parameters, IgG, IgA, IgM, CD₄, CD₈, NKcell, NKT cell, serum testosterone (T), serum cortisol (C), creatine kinase (CK), and the blood urea (BU) were measured on each Monday before 1 week winter training, in the second week, the third week, the fourth week and 1 week recovery training of winter training.Results: 1. SF has no significant difference in male athletes; while through one week recovery training, SF has significant decrease compared with the third week in female athletes.2. Compaired with that of before winter training, for male athletes, in the third week, TS has significant increase and RDW has significant decrease; in the fourth week, Hb, RBC and Hct have significant increase. For female athletes, in the third week and the fourth week, Hb, RBC and Hct have significant decrease. 3. In the second week, IgG in male athletes and IgM in female athletes have significant increase.4. Compaired with that of before winter training, for male athletes, the white blood cell(wbc) parameters and T lymphocyte subsets have no significant difference; for female athletes, in the fourth week, wbc, neut, CD3⁺,CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ decreased, and the percentage of lymphocyte increased obviously.5. NK cell and NKT cell decreased in the second week, especially NKT cell, it decreased obviously. 6. T/C decreased, in one week recovery training, T/C has returned to the level of which before winter training in male athletes, while T/C has significant decrease compaired with that of before winter training in female athletes. 7. CK reached to the high numerical value in the second week and the fourth week. In one week recovery training, CK has returned to the level of which before winter training in male athletes, while it has still high numerical value in female athletes. BU has no significant difference during winter training.Conclusions: 1. Athletes didn't show iron deficiency anemia at the end of winter training, but part of the athletes exhibited iron deficiency. Iron deficiency is more pronounced in female athletes than in male athletes. 2. Winter training couldn't affect humoral immunity function obviously, while it could restrain cellular immunity function.3 .Winter training didn't induce over training obviously in male athletes, while female athletes have evidence of over training. 4. NK and NKT cell were more sensitive than other immune indexes, especially NKT cell, it was sensitive immune index to exercise load, and it could monitor physical function for winter training in elite swimmers better.5. Part immunological and biochemical parameters haven't returned to the level of which before winter training through one week recovery training, so we'd better postpone recovery training properly.6. In different state of winter training, part indexes haven't synchronization changes. If we establish monitoring system of multi-index and multi-level, we can evaluate athletes' physical function synthetically.