Study On Employment Issue Of University Graduates

In the period of planned economy, undergraduates totally depend on unified assignment. As the transformation from the planned economy to market economy, the employment system has been changed fundamentally. Employment starts to implement divergent selection between students and employing unit. This kind of change makes the employment market formation. Employment is more and more affected by supply-demand relationship and macro-economy of China. In 1999, our domestic universities begin to implement expansion of enrollment. According to the statistics from our new graduated students, during 1999 to 2005, our nation enrolled 600 thousand more undergraduates. Mass expansion of enrollment makes our higher education realize the transformation from elite education to mass education.,in the meanwhile, it brings a new problem—how to resolve the mass quantity of employment. As the 21st century comes and employment undergraduates grow, employment rate for undergraduates declines extremely. By the end of 2005, the total employment rate has been reduced from 84.2% in 2000 to 73.2%. the initial rate is declined from 80.4% to 52.1%. In the end of 2005, there are near 800 thousand undergraduates can not find a job in time, compared with 2000, there are near 700 thousand people more.The essence of employment is allocation problem between national economic development and human resources. Whether it is rational or not is direct corresponding to strategic implement of science and education for the rising of the nation and quality as well as standard of higher education. It is also concerning the professional development and self-income of each undergraduate. Therefore, the issue of undergraduates employment has a great meaning.The whole thesis is totally divided into five parts: The first par is introduction. It mainly researches the purpose, indicating the current employment status and researching goal as well as meaning. And then it is literature summary, concluding the researching direction and existing problems. Finally, it is the researching methods and theoretical basis, describing the researching methods and various methods used.The second part is change of employment situation of undergraduates. This part has a historic review of employment system. And then we have it demonstrated and analyzed from the change of employment circumstances and employment destination. This part uses comparative analysis and literature analysis and some other researching methods.The third part is employment survey and characteristics. It mainly researches basic information after expansion of employment and current characteristics. This part firstly focuses on the background of employment from the point of view of employment circumstances and employment situation of higher education. Furthermore, we analyze the employment situation after employment expansion from the point of number of employment and structure of employment. Finally, we illuminate the new characteristics of current undergraduate employment.The fourth part is the factor analysis of the employment. It mainly analyzes effect from the universities expansion and curriculum design on the undergraduate, using economics, human capital market; secondly, analyzes the effect of dual-division of labor market on undergraduate employment, from the regional labor market duel-division and career grade labor market duel division, we have it soundly analyzed. Thirdly we analyze the effect of regulation of industrial structure on the employment, mainly focusing on the second and tertiary industrial developing scale and the effect of structure regulation on absorptive capability, finally from the self-factor of undergraduate, by employment idea and personal capability's effect on employment.The final part is basic thinking of policy suggestion on how to solve the employment problem. It mainly promotes suggestions and methods from three aspects of government, colleges and undergraduates. In terms of the third part analysis and the situation of our nation, we promote to adjust economic structure to develop small and medium-sized enterprises, rationally control the scale of recruitment of colleges, cultivate employment market, develop entrepreneurship education, meet the marketing requirement, regulate the course arrangement, change the employment idea and master the techniques of choosing occupations.In the end, we could get the conclusion as following:Firstly, by means of quantitative analysis of expansion of employment, the quantity of employment is increased year by year, the total employment rate is reduced extremely since 2001, under this condition, the quantity of employment and non-employment is simultaneously increased. Quantity of second employment is increased year by year.Secondly, by the structural analysis after expansion, we can see that it appears as a structural contradiction. The higher the degree is, the better the employment is. Those who are majored in engineering and science is better than other specialties. Universities directly under the Ministry of Education are better to get employment opportunities than local universities. Undergraduates in north-west region have less employment pressure than eastern region with less quantity. Thirdly, under the imperfect competition of labor force market and the"rigid"employment expectation, the continuous expansion of colleges leads to the continuous reduction of employment rate. It may also result in devaluation of undergraduates.Fourthly, due to imbalance of regional economic development, duel-division of our labor force market is very obvious. This kind of phenomenon may lead to first labor market supply over demand, second labor market demand over supply. Finally it results in undergraduate's structural contradiction of our society. Due to regional employment discrimination and different levels of career, duel-division labor force market may block the free labor mobility of undergraduates.Fifthly due to economic development strategy and adjustment of inductrial structure, our second industry has a little effect on undergraduates. The engineering, chemical and manufacturing industry has very limited absorption for undergraduates. The tertiary industry has become the main channel for social employment as economy develops. In the meanwhile, it becomes the main choice for undergraduates. This new kind industry provides large quantity of positions, and it is also the main solution to solve the employment issue.Finally, employment idea of employment divorces from reality. The integrated skill of undergraduates is not conformed to unit, and these two internal factors are also the important reason for the above problem.