Researches And Reflections On Value Orientation Of Language And Literature Textbooks Of Middle School

This paper provides an view that there is no unified textbook in America concerns the national state:division of authority,value pluralism,according to study of compilation and strucutre of Chinese and American language textbooks of middle school. This article takes three volumes of "American Language - US Middle school Language Text Selection" as the object of study.This set of teaching materials is divided into six parts in annalistic style according to American historical developments, each part has fixed pattern,no matter before class, in class or after class . As to China,the country implements the editing of unified textbooks.Presently most have been using the comprehensive literary selections series of People Education Press since developments after the foundation of nation.The materials take classification of unit type according to the subject words or the literature style and differences lie in middle school textbook from high school.And speaking to the value orientation of Chinese and American textbooks,there are two types:instrumental and humanities.The humanities of American language textbooks are formed of personal enterprising,freedom,equality,multiculturalism and values,religious mood,facing wars and seeking for peace,democracy and the legal system,national spirits and so on. While the instrumental value orientation is demonstrated by the question settings in textbooks,aiming to the students' literary and practical ability. The humanities of our textbooks are formed of society center,harmony and close between human and the nature,safeguarding the traditional culture,experience and think of life,etc.While the instrumental value orientation is the emphasis of ability of listening,speaking,reading and writing. Through the analysis,we can find that Chinese and American language textbooks lie in same fields of value orientation,that's national sense of pride,harmony between human and nature,and abilities of reading and writing. Differences also exist,that's goal of education,question settings,demands on reading,individual and the community and religious carings.Why the differences occurred?It's determined by different guideline and emphasis in language and literature education.So,it's necessary for Chinese textbooks to absorb advantages of American textbooks and to be improved,making our language and literature textbooks more contemporary,more practical,more fertile and more flexible.