The Secondary Education Demobilization In HuBei After The Sino-Japanese War

During the eight years of Sino-Japanese War, most districts in Hubei Province were occupied by the Japanese forces, the schools were either moved westward, or closed down, or destroyed completely. After the victory of the Sino-Japanese War , the whole nation longed for peace and stability, the country had hundreds of things to do, one of the urgent tasks which China faced, was educational reconstructing and developing.In order to solve the major issues in education demobilization, the Education Ministry of the National government held a national education demobilization conference, set up a committee for the youth to go back to school and be re-employed, raised funds for education, discuss the transportation vehicles. At the same time, the Hubei provincial government promptly formulated education program in demobilizationperiod-----scheduled the demobilization rules of the migrant education institution,receive all levels of cultural and educational institution at restored regions, examined the staff and students at restored district, distributed the National Middle School's staff and students, arranged the retired and out-of-school youth to resume their education or to employ, improve the quality of teachers, repair school buildings and purchased more equipment, reorganized and consummated the educational administration in counties and cities, raised the demobilization funds actively and so on. With efforts in various aspects, the secondary education enterprise in Hubei Province were not only restored, but also made certain progress, which led to a more reasonable distribution and an increasing quantity. Nevertheless there were such problems as shortage of funds and disputes between school's property.However, with the outbreak of civil war, education suffered once again. The war destroyed the peaceful environment crucial to demobilization. Moreover it led to economy comprehensive worsening and extreme financial expenditures and caused the shortage of the demobilization funds directly and indirectly. Because of the inflation, the limited educational expenditure was not enough to maintain basic education. Therefore, in a certain sense, the impact of the civil war on the process of education demobilization and modernization in post-war, was no less than the wound caused by the Sino-Japanese War. In summary, the National government had once taken some positive measures in post-war, which had positive effect on education demobilization undoubtedly. But executed it in the national education demobilization, it was utterly inadequate, and it was difficult to reverse the adverse situation caused by the historical trend. Therefore, after the victory of the Sino-Japanese War, the education demobilization which once had the positive development tendency was subjected to devastation and declined day by day.