Research On The Pattern Of Community Management At Yinzhou District Of Tieling City Of Liaoning Province

Starting from the present situation of community management at Yinzhou District of Tieling City of Liaoning Province, this paper looks for any actually existing problem, studies the factor of problem emergence and poses corresponding solution countermeasures and suggestions.Community is a noun of sociology, it was firstly put forward and introduced into the subject domain by German sociologist Ferdinand Tnnies. The first emergence of community in China occurred in the 1930s when Fei Xiaotong of Yanjing University translated it from English Community. According to incomplete statistics, the definition of community has exceeded 140 kinds, and the definition by Ding Yuanzhu is selected and used in this paper: Community is the social lift community within a certain region scope, conducting various social activities, forming multiple kinds of social relations and social clusters. That definition is basically identical with the viewpoint of grass root political power and community construction department of Ministry of Civil Affairs. Several factors of community can be found: the first is human being as the mainstay of social activity, the second is certain region, and the third is multiple social activity and multiple kinds of social relations.According to different classification standard, community can be classified into different categories. From the actual circumstance of research, community is generally classified into three categories, including rural community (countryside community), town community (or market town community) and urban community. Urban community means the social life community formed by people inhabited in certain region scope in a city, the scope of urban community in our country generally means the jurisdiction of neighborhood committee through scale adjustment after reform of community system. The definition of community management is: It is the managerial behavior of the regional community where people reside and live, and omni-directional self-service and self-management are stressed. In the community management, the scheme and specific aim of community are ascertained by various factors, including system, method and mode, etc., the organic combination of those factors is the pattern of community management.According to the difference in main body of community management, the urban community management pattern is mainly divided into three types, including government dominating type, community autonomy type and mixture type.Tieling City is located in the north part of Liaoning Province, the east bank of Liaohe River and the hinterland of Liaohe Plain. Yinzhou District is the central city proper of Tieling City and the location of Tieling Municipal People's Government. It is also the political, economic, cultural and communications center of north Liaoning. The area of the whole district is 180.1 square kilometers and the total populations is 330 thousand. Yinzhou District administers seven strets and one township, including 59 communities. The integral planning to the community work of Yinzhou District can be summarized as"four realizations one reinforcement"."Four realization"concretely means: standardization of infrastructure, project realization of community service, network realization of community management and norm realization of urban autonomy, and"one reinforcement"means to strengthen the leadership by Party to community construction.Through actual investigation, it is found that some problems exist in the community management of Yinzhou District of Tieling City. The first is the problem of power, the most outstanding embodiment is the political leadership power of Party and the administrative power of government substitute the social power of neighborhood committee. As a autonomy organization for residents, its personnel power, financial power and affairs management power (etc.) are not embodied in the community management. Several powers are basically concentrated at street office or civil affairs bureau. The second is the finance power, that is embodied in the source of various working funds in community management being singular and finance being not transparent, the community residents could not supervise effectively. The third is the socialized participation. That is embodied in its loose link with other social organization, and no powerful and effective third department is formed. The participation extent of community residents is not so high, the sense of belonging of community is not identified. The fourth is the institutionalization, that is embodied in no clear system used for standardizing the community work, the community system in force sometimes biases from the original track at the time of implementation and ascertaining, the community organization could not reasonably cope with any behavior of exceeding authority by street or other governmental department. The fifth is the service problem, that is embodied in that the working personnel lack service consciousness and sense of responsibility, they do community work as a job with the aim of making money instead of service. The sixth is the new problem brought by urban construction, that is mainly embodied in the property issue produced in transformation of shanty town and the community belonging issue of newly-built quarter with commodity house. Community hygiene is not the target of emphatic research in this paper.The problems so produced are the result commonly incurred by multiple reasons. From the historical factors, the inertia of political centralization system and the loss of grass root democratic participation affect the existing problems. From the realistic factors, the administration tendency of community construction, extension of administrative function of community, influence of urbanization and urban construction, as well as the lagging behind of institutionalization construction are the main factors for formation of the problems. In addition, Grass root Party building also has certain influence on the community management. The factor of human being is unneglectable in the whole process.For solving the problems, grasp from the fountainhead. Especially, start with historical reason, and reform shall be the main method for the influence on system and democracy. This paper suggests to restructure and reform the community organization. There was originally one neighborhood committee in Yinzhou District,"merging discussion and administration into one organic whole". In order to realize autonomy of community, the system of"separate discussion and administration"shall be implemented. The new community organization shall include: a resident representative assembly (called resident representatives hereinafter), a discussion committee (called discussion committee hereinafter) and a neighborhood committee (called neighborhood committee hereinafter). There is Party branch at community parallel together with that. Resident representatives shall be the power organization of community, in the autonomy of community, it possesses the substantial powers including personnel power of community and decision-making power, etc., and it belongs to"decision-making layer". Discussion committee shall be the permanent organization of resident representatives of community, the power of resident representatives can be handed over to the discussion committee for execution in place, and it belongs to"management layer". Neighborhood committee is an executive organization, it has no decision-making power and it shall execute, serve and manage daily affairs of community. Party branch at community shall have political leadership power to the resident representatives, discussion committee and neighborhood committee of community, as organization of CPC, it shall mainly guarantee the political guidance in community organization.After reform to community organization from fountainhead, in order to guarantee the effective development of community management work, aimed at the existing problems and combined with practical reason of formation, the following countermeasures are put forward. The first is the transformation of governmental function and clarify the power scope of each side. Accurately distinguish the governmental power and the social power, and guarantee that each side behave within the own scope of power. Do not regard mass autonomy organization as the component in administrative system, eliminate any administrative tendency in community construction. The second is to establish community account, guarantee the financial independence of community. There shall be institutional stipulations on the fund support by government to community, and guarantee the sustainable community finance; Meanwhile, neighborhood committee must make the produced financial income and expenditure known to the entire citizens and discussion committee, guarantee the finance to be transparent. The third is to guide social participation, enhance the bond effect of community. Government shall make necessary guidance, so as to improve the enthusiasm of social organization or individual to participate in the community work and making joint efforts. Especially, the democratic participation consciousness of community residents shall be aroused to the utmost. The fourth is to improve legal system and maintain the autonomy status of community. System guarantee must be done well if the problems are to be substantially solved. While perfecting various system, ensure that various system is effectively ascertained. The fifth is to strengthen personnel training, improve the service quality of community. While cultivating the ability of working personnel of community, the governmental department shall pay attention to enhancing their service consciousness. The sixth is to improve the administrative ability, and do well the work of problem prevention. Party and government department must incessantly strengthen the cultivation of administrative ability. When any circumstance emerges, preventative work against any new problem shall be done well, eliminate poor factor in the process of urbanization or socialization in time, protect and help community organization to develop healthily.This paper consider that in the actual work, the extent of paying attention to Party building at grass root and the public opinion shall be increased, so as to better promote community management.