Study Of Ancient Academy Official

Ancient Academy(Shu-yuan书院) , a unique form of education organization ,which came Forth in the late Tang Dynasty and grow up into the education and academic center with perfect systems established after Song Dynasty. Official is an important tendency in the development of ancient academy.Academy's official had presented at the end of South-Song Dynasty.It is very popular that the teachers who come from state and county's offices. In the Yuan Dynasty, Academy's official became a popular tendency.The government of Yuan Dynasty tried to add Ancient Academy into Government Education by controling the leadership and economic lifeline.In the Ming and Qing dynasties,the tendency of Ancient Academy's official became more and more obvious.In the Ming dynasty ,some Ancient Academies unioned with Imperial Examination.In fact, Ancient Academy has been another form of Government Education, so it was a new time in the development of Ancient Academy.In the Qing dynasty, Academy's official was more completely.In this time, Ancient Academy which became a department of Imperial Examination and a supplement of state and county's Government Education was degenerating into imperial examination's dependency.During the development of Ancient Academy, it came into being some unique merits,such as the organization forms and teaching methods.It made great contributions to traditional Chinese cultures and ideas.So it became an important part that we must study when we researched ancient Chinese Education System. Academy's official is an important feature in the process of academy development and it has been studied by the academic history of education.But it has rarely been studied from the perspective of the development history.This papper tries to study it from School principal,Training Objectives and teaching contents to prove that it is convergencing Government Education step by step, analyze the reasons and discuss the advantages and disadvantages.We hope that the study can help us to have a systematic understanding of Academy's official and gain some apocalypses for the law of private schools development.This article contains five parts:Part One: Card the process of Government Education development simply and summarize the features of Government Education.Part Two: Discuss the process of Ancient Academy development and divide the history of Ancient Academy into four periods from the view of function changes : Reading agency, Academic research agency, semi-official agency and official agency.Part Three: Mainly analyze the features of Ancient Academy's official.This part contains three small portions: First, School principal is changing from private to government.Second, Educational goal is convergencing Government Education;Third,Teaching contents are convergencing Government Education.Part Four: Analyze the reasons of Ancient Academy's official from five aspects and give an objective evaluation from both positive and negative.The last part is concluding remark: Simply discuss the Significances of Ancient Academy's official.