Preliminary Study Of Contemporary Changes And Future Orientation Of China's Primary And Secondary School Moral Education Goals

At present, China is in transition, a variety of social factors are in a rapidly changing. Moral education goal is not fixed, but keeps an open and innovative. Where is the moral education goal going and how to position it needs carefully thinking. To know now has to know the past, the reform and opening up to the present, what the goal of moral education in our country experienced and how the process of the development process of the past give us and what we need to avoid such issues appears have not too many answers.This essay tries to discuss the field of moral education goal in following aspects:The first chapter discusses the study in China's primary and secondary moral education goals since the reform and opening up policy. There are four changes in it. The first change is from 1978 to 1985, the second change is from 1986 to 1989, the third one is from 1990 to 1994, and the forth one is from 1995 to 2008. With the study on these changes, we can recognize the different characters of the moral education and provide historical experience of the target.The characters of the First Change are: focus on social ethics, emphasizing the cultivation of awareness of personal obligations; political factors have been stressed to the extent inappropriate; stressed the economic function; prominent collective neglect of the individual. The characters of the Second Change are: the training goals tend to scientific and rationalization; pay close attention to the whole and the convergence; began to shift attention from society to the people who is main body of the community. The characters of the Third Change are, it's the first time to pose "the overall planning system of moral education in schools"; the individual attention of students is to be more specific; the legal concept began to appear in the primary and secondary school curricula plan. The characters of the Fourth Change are more concerned about the moral goals of national law; to start building a system of moral education courses; focus on the students' level of conduct and behavior.Generally speaking, the three decades of moral education has witnessed downward shift of focus, mainly from the original closing to the government, the community, and the political to student, life and the development of the times. Of course, in a wide range of age, how to deal with relationship between the government and individuals, society and life, politics and the times, still needs further consideration.Based on the study and query on the first part, the second part focuses on analyzing the history and characteristics of American and Japanese moral education. The author finds out that American moral education objectives are level-directed, their objectives emphasis on sound personality and individual perfection, importance of psychological and counseling students, and solving practical problems and so on. Japan's moral goals are well converged, and are level-directed. Their objectives pay more attention to cultivate the students' ability of moral practice. There is much we can learn from.In the third part, the author reflects the new direction of the development of Chinese society in the future, and reflects how to deal with three pairs of relations better in the process of positioning out moral goals. Chinese moral goals are experiencing a kind of regression, and show three directions, the separation of powers and obligations of tension, individual and group tension, from confrontation to coexistence. Essentially, people exist as kinds of relationship. Therefore, when we relocate the objectives of our moral education, we should deal with three pairs of relationships. Besides the traditional relationship between individual and state, we should lay emphasis on cultivating the relationships between individual and society, individual and nature, individual and the world. We can say that is a new topic in contemporary China.