The Exploration And Analysis Of Chinese Universities Characteristics In The Process Of Massification

The massification of higher education is a long historical process, which isn't accomplished suddenly. As an important component of university culture, the formation and development of university characteristics is contained in the process explicitly and tacitly all the time. Since the 1980s and 1990s, the problem of university characteristics has become the core problem of university reform.This dissertation thinks that the understanding of university characteristics should make a distinction between the broad sense and narrow sense. If we purely research the characteristics from the narrow sense but neglect the broad sense, it may cause a unilateral cognition and thus can't solve current problems effectively. In essence, the university characteristics are endogenous and are the inherent and unconscious product in the process of university development, which pursues its intrinsic value and is not affected by utilitarianism. Under the modern context, along with the aggravation of market competition and the entry of new built universities, the characteristics are going to be exogenesis, in which, the marketization of higher education has become the driving force of establishing characteristics of modern universities. From the germination in late Qing dynasty to the adjustment and recovery in cultural revolution, for more than 100 years, China universities have always wanted to built their own characteristics, but full of twists and obstacles. As to the Chinese universities characteristics in the phase of massification, this paper explores and analyses it from both macro and micro perspectives, which are Martin's theory of phase of higher education development and college undergraduate teaching evaluation characteristic project. The research shows that compared to those endogenous universities in Europe and America, the national characteristics of Chinese universities which are exogenous variate severely so as to conceal the nature of university. The variation of university affects the development of college characteristics and causes the convergence of universities and the lack of characteristics. From the perspective of social organization, we know that the convergence and divergence of universities is a two-way movement, which is the regulation and choice corresponding to institutional system.The convergence of Chinese universities is a helpless but rational choice so as to adapt to the environmental system. The strong convergent movement and the weak divergent among Chinese universities fundamentally cause themselves lack of characteristics. The weak divergent movement among Chinese universities, to a large extent, is caused by the vacancy and dislocation of market competition. To solve this problem fundamentally, we should follow the trend of marketization of higher education and introduce a fair and reasonable market competition mechanism. In addition, establishing modern university system, promoting the quality and responsibility of university president, improving evaluation mechanism as well as the digging of positive elements of traditional culture are the guarantee of establish Chinese characteristics.As to the future prospect about Chinese universities characteristics, it will find its nature in the process of convergence and form distinct characteristics, but it will be a difficult and long way.