Study On The Geographic College Entrance Examination Under The Background Of Geographic Spatial Ability

Two American psychologists proposed that three types of ability of human being are spatial ability, calculating ability and language ability. It can be said that geographical spatial ability is one of the human beings' basic ability. Geography is a kind of subject that not only study on the spatial-temporal distribution and spatial structures, but also explain clearly the spatial differentiation and spatial association about geography matter. It is committed to reveal the laws of geographical spatial movement and spatial variation. Both home and abroad researches on the spatial ability originate from the early 20th century. Then some of these research highlights were brought in our country. Both home and abroad researches on the spatial ability are mainly in the aspect of psychology. Most of the studies discoursed the spatial ability from the chemical and mathematical points of view. Most of the research methods emphasized on the theory. It's hard to see the study on geographical spatial ability in the college entrance examination.This article studies on the geography college entrance examination in the context of geographical spatial ability, which uses the literature method, mathematical statistics, comparative method, case analysis, etc. This article adopts six papers as the samples to intensively study, which are about Shanghai geography college entrance examination including year 1997-year 1999 and year 2007-year 2009.The first chapter is "Introduction." It defines the geographical space and geographic spatial ability on the base of literature method. This chapter analyzes the historical process and gender differences of the study on the spatial ability both home and abroad. The author also describes the spatial ability of the national research achievements in terms of cartography, geography education, geographic college entrance examination, etc. For the deficiencies of current researches, the author puts forward the purpose and methods of this thesis.The second chapter is"The test features of the geographical spatial observation ability in the geographic college entrance examination" According to the features of geographic college entrance examination, which defines the geographical spatial observation ability,and shows the image formats of the spatial observation ability in the geographic college entrance examination over the years. The author tries to analyze the test change in the spatial observation ability in decades from subject type, image type and test knowledge point.The third chapter is "The test features of the geographical spatial memory ability in the geographic college entrance examination." According to the features of geographic college entrance examination, defines the geographical spatial memory ability, which defines the geographical spatial memory ability base on he features of geographic college entrance examination and analyzes the changes of the spatial memory ability in decades from the score, type of subject and knowledge point.The fourth chapter is "The test features of the geographical spatial thinking ability in the geographic college entrance examination," According to the features of geographic college entrance examination, defines the geographical spatial thinking ability. The features of test selection for spatial thinking ability put by the article are focusing on the basic knowledge, aiming for synthesizing knowledge, choosing the real life as the subject material. The author also puts forward the trend of designing question about college entrance examination, which highlights the questions levels, strengthens the material hidden, and emphasizes the novelty of questions.The fifth chapter is "The suggestions about college entrance examination adaption under the background of geographic spatial ability." Base on the analysis of development tendency and the current features, the author gives some advices about setting a question for the college entrance examination on the geographic spatial ability: emphasizing on the use of mental maps, increasing the content about drawing maps, creating more new forms of pictures, focusing on imagination test and supplementing cases to explain these suggestions. The author hopes the work of setting a question for the college entrance examination will be further improved which is on the base of spatial ability.