A Comparative Study Of The System Construction Of The Kuomintang And The Communist Party In The Period Of Democratic Revolution

As two of the most influential political parties in the political developmentprocess of modern China, the establishment, development of the Kuomintang and theCommunist Party of China and the struggle between them is a significant issue inChina’s modern history. The two parties took Russia as teacher and were reorganizedand founded respectively at almost the same time in the same historical backgroundand historical task. After the reorganization of the Kuomintang, two partiesachieved the first cooperation, and devoted themselves to the tide the GreatRevolution to carry out the leadership of the revolutionary movement, then launchedtheir system construction. Although the parties both took Russia as teacher, because ofthe different guiding principle, class stand, political position and the differentregulation and implementation of their system constructions, there were a hugedifference between the practice of their system constructions, so that their “power ofparty” was different and in the end their final results were different.The semi-colonial and semi-feudal society of modern China and the politicalcrisis of separatist warlord regime needed a powerful party to lead the Chinese peopleto realize the national independence, and the state prosperity. Although naturaleconomy began to collapse in modern China, and the capitalist economy alsodeveloped, throughout the country, the feudal economy still accounts for the principalpart, while the capitalist economy developed quiet slowly."Congenital deficiency andacquired deformity" leaded to the shortcomings of the class differentiation, and theextremely small quantity of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat who representedadvanced productive forces. The farmers still accounted for the majority of population,but without advanced theory, they were unable to bear the burden of leading theDemocratic Revolution of China. The proletariat and the bourgeoisie with the abilityof leadership, because of their limited quantity, were unable to bear theanti-imperialist and anti-feudal burden alone, so they must united with the peasantry.After the1911Revolution, the democratic concept were widely spread, but alsoaffected by these concepts of the loyalty and filial piety or the rank ideas. In addition,the struggle experiences of the early revolutionary practice all passed on a message,which is to build a strong party as the core of leadership to lead the Chinese revolution. In1927, the Kuomintang carried on the movement of "purging the party"and set up the Nanjing national government, then the huge difference of the qualityand political status between two parties’ system construction appeared. The origin oftheory of two parties’ reorganization and construction had the same aspect, which waslearning the model of party founding of the Communist Party of Russia by takingRussia as teacher. But there were also some different aspects. Sun Zhongshanreorganized the KMT mainly by learning to the Communist Party of Russia technicalpart of organization, and almost copied the party constitution of the Communist Partyof Russia, but he feared to not avoiding the advanced thought of party building of theCommunist Party of Russia and the corresponding ideology, that is totally "takingThree Principles of the People as main body, and the organization of the CommunistParty of Russia for use". While at the beginning of party founding, the ChineseCommunist Party firmly persevered in Marx’ and Lenin’s thought of the partyfounding and accepted its leadership by taking the CPC as a branch of the CommunistInternational. Especially after1935, the communist party of China began to explorethe way of the system construction which conformed to the actual situations of thecountry, and gradually formed some important systems which took the democraticcentralism as the core, like collective leadership, party congress system, party memberabsorption system, cadre system, and supervision system. The improvement anddevelopment of these systems, provided a strong institutional basis to increase theparty’s cohesive force and combat effectiveness, and guaranteed the victory of the warof the democratic revolution.In different historical periods, and according to the different historical tasks, theKMT and the CPC both carried on their systematic constructions for their own system.According to the contrastive analysis of two parties’ leadership systems, such as thecollective leadership system and party congress system, we think that although to acertain extent, the two parties stipulated taking committee system as the collectiveleadership system, the Kuomintang finally developed towards the president autocracy,and the Communist Party of China built the leadership system combined collectiveleadership and individual divided responsibility. Through the contrastive analysis oftwo parties’ systems of organization, we believe that although the two parties bothtook Russia as teacher, and a set of organization system from central to local, theconstruction of their grass-roots organizations were quiet different, because theconstruction of grass-roots organization of the CPC was more perfect and had a broader coverage and cohesion. By comparing the party member absorption system oftwo parties, we think that for the CPC, the strict party member absorption standardand the system of probationary party member, ensured that the party members hadgood political caliber and the revolutionary enthusiasm, as well as guaranteed theparty’s cohesive force and combat effectiveness. While the KMT declared that theywere the representatives of the interests of entire nation, but without adhering to thesystem of probationary party member, the ways party member absorption ishaphazard, and many corrupt elements joined the KMT, as a result, the party memberranks of the Kuomintang deteriorated.Through the contrastive analysis of these clauses of regulation and the actualimplementations of two parties’ system constructions in the period of the DemocraticRevolution of China, we think that to build the party and government systems, it mustconform to the concept of that the times always progresses and develops, and insist toexpand intra-party democracy. It must adapt to the specific national conditions ofChina, and give full consideration to the current situation of the development of Chinaand the reality that rural population accounts for the vast majority population. It mustbase on the construction of the party’s purity and advanced nature, and make sure theparty member cadres play the vanguard and exemplary role. It must enforce partydiscipline, and improve the party’s ability of the system execution.