Research On National Land Leasehold System

National land leasehold system, a payable system of urban land, is to obtain land-use rights by leasehold. It belongs to the elementary land market. As a supplement of land grant, national land leasehold is first made use of in disposition of land property during the process of enterprise reform. Later it is applied in wider scope and has achieved good results.Having been practiced earlier in the West, land leasehold in the developed countries has accumulated rich experience and high-level theoretical researches. It is a good reference for the land leasehold system in China. Researches of modern urban land leasehold system began in China in the 1990s, which covers the following: 1) connotation of urban land leasehold system; 2) scope of its application; 3) defining of its rights nature; 4) three elements of annual-rent approach; 5) circulation of the rights; 6) price of the rights; 7) establishment of the system; 8) land leasehold in enterprise reform; 9) leasehold system in other countries or areas. The research has made great progress up to now, however, two major problems still exist of the disputations concerning the key problems in leasehold system research and less devotion to certain research fields.Defining of nature of use rights leasehold being the thread, the present research studies and demonstrates respectively the connotation defining of land-use rights, management of rent, circulation of rights, and valuation of price of rights. The author firstly presents the theoretical base, and then after summarizing the present disputations, analyzes the related problems. Land leasehold in enterprise reform is studied with the case study of Anyang Mode. Theories being integrated with practice, the author evaluates national land leasehold system, puts forward proposal for perfecting the system, and forecasts its further development.The first chapter introduces research background as well as the research development concerning national land leasehold home and abroad, and presents train of thought, research aim and significance of the present research. The second chapter deals with the main contents of leasehold and land leasehold. The concept and characteristics of national land leasehold, the process of its establishments as well, are also discussed herein. Theories of real rights and credit are the bases for the third chapter, in which special attention is given to the analysis of nature of use rights leasehold to define it real rights. Nature of annual-rent approach and grant-land approach is also analyzed with differentiation of the concepts related to national land leasehold. The fourth chapter puts forward principles of rent determination of annual-rent approach on the basis of land rent theory. Methods of calculating rent are the emphasis. After researching on lease setting, rent adjustment and rent management, the author poses innovative suggestions. Land price theory is the foundation of Chapter five. Approaches to valuating price of use rights leasehold are introduced in this chapter, with evaluation of each approach. The sixth chapter analyzes several opinions of circulation of use rights leasehold and discusses the way of restricted circulation. Essentials of different ways of circulation are probed into herein. In the seventh chapter, both advantages and disadvantages of five approaches to disposing land in enterprise reform are analyzed, special attention being paid to the approach of rent. The last chapter introduces general situation of land rent in China. The author emphasizes on case study of Anyang,Mode in the eighth chapter.The present research makes innovative achievements in three aspects. 1) Unifying the forms of collecting rents of annual-rent approach and grant-land approach with the down-payment coefficient f; 2) establishing land property rent company to take charge of present-land rent, andadded-land rent should be supervised by Land Reserve Center; 3) suggesting valuating price of land use rights leasehold from grant and allocation to leasehold.