A Research Of The Employment Of Agricultural Labor Surplus Under The Circumstance Of Economic Development Pattern Transition

Under the shadow of the global economic crisis, China shows the vulnerability of its growing pattern that emphasizes Net export and Investment. It is significant to change the present pattern to one that emphasizes Consumption. Through analyzing macro economy and the background of rural economy, this article evolves that it's essential with fostering Consumption-leading pattern to increase the employment and income of rural labors that are the most part of Chinese social residents. Meanwhile the conditions and policy measures to enhance the employment of rural labors are given.This paper studies the development model transformation and the agricultural population policy to provide employment environment and the problem. The fundamental conditions of China's population contains resource scarcity, technology relatively backwardness, capital relatively shortage. Early in the reform, China borrowed international experience to adopt export-oriented development pattern. On the other hand, in order to maintain the export economy the Chinese government undervalued the exchange rate of RMB and this caused huge trade surplus, which transferred to large number of foreign exchange reserve accumulation. The financial capacity accumulated gradually expanded the government-leading investment scale, in great economic crisis situations China can accomplish short-term stimulation to economic growth and maintain stable society, but in the long term this may be bad for the economy. Net exports and investment in high proportion of GDP has already broken the balance of economic development, therefore, to increase the proportion of consumption in GDP, cultivating sustainable consumption is the leading development of economic transformation direction. Social residents are source of consumption, so to ensure as most inhabitants into employment and obtain an income will be significant. Rural residents still occupies most of China's population. Agriculture as an important industry in recent decades has great productivity growth, whereas the great unemployment rate in rural areas and the imbalance between industries are deepening social problems. The article thinks the factors that affect agricultural labor transferring to non-agricultural sectors mainly are in the following aspects:human capital stock, agricultural productivity growth, urbanization level and the development level of tertiary industry and private enterprises etc. Human capital stock is relevant with the size of the education and skills training provide level, working to increase agricultural labor education of human capital investment is considered very much rewarding, agricultural productivity growth is meaningful for stable agriculture so that the gravity of the entire economy industry could shift towards second and third industry, large agricultural labor surplus is element of economic development. Improving agricultural productivity can rely on one hand importing from developed countries technology and the other hand effective support from financial system. The urbanization process can absorb large numbers of agricultural labor force, it also become part of the economic growth. Compared with heavy industry, light industry and service industry can absorb more labor force; Private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprise's development also have a similar effect on absorbing labor surplus. These four aspects are also that policy measures should make effort towards.