A Research On Pension For Land-lost Peasants And Its Sustainable Development

With the development of economic society as well as urbanization, more and more peasants have been losing their dependent lands. Many of them have no lands, nor have jobs and social security. As a result, a new social vulnerable group does rise. The existence of land-lost peasants impacts the stableness of our society and cumbers the development of our economy. Therefore, it is found theoretical and practical meanings to establish a social security system for these land-lost peasants .By introducing the real situation of pension security system for land-lost peasants, the thesis analyzes several problems such as the arrangement methods of land-lost peasants, the land system, the urban-rural integration of social security, the achievements and problems of tests in different areas. Then it presents different social security systems should be set in order to adapt to various levels of economic development in different areas. Finally, the probable factors affecting the sustainable development of social security system for land-lost peasants, and some feasible advices on policy are put forward.The thesis consists of four chapters, main contents are as follows:In chapter one, the thesis introduces the importance and necessity of establishing pension security system for land-lost peasants. In general, the living situation of land-last peasants is decreasing, so is their employment and pension security system. For this reason, an effective pension security system for land-lost peasants is necessary and helpful to achieve social equity, sound urbanization process and urban-rural planned development.In chapter two, it firstly introduces the experiences of foreign countries both in building rural pension security system and in the process of expropriating lands. Secondly, it makes known that different pension arrangements in our country at present and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages respectively. Finally, it compares three existing pension security systems for land-lost peasants from various aspects, such as capital collection, capital management, capital increment and capital supervision etc. And it suggests that the pension security system in our country be dominated by the government and operated by commercial insurance companies.Chapter three is the core of the thesis. It concerns the establishment of a territorial multi-layer pension security system for land-lost peasants. Firstly, it analyzes two outer system environment, that is, land system and urban-rural social security system. In present land system, some problems like obscure ownership and incompleteness of collective lands imposed bad effect on land-lost peasants in protecting their land rights. While expropriating lands, the nonstandard of process and unreasonableness of compensation harmed the rights of land-lost peasants. Accordingly, the first step to establish the pension security system should be to build a land system, which is in accordance with the rights of land-lost peasants. Nowadays, despite the great gap between urban social security and that of rural areas, the urban-rural integration is an unchangeable trend, which refers to another environment. Secondly, the thesis proposes a tentative framework of pension security system for land-lost peasants. Considering differences in designs, extensive overlay, low protection and harmonious plans, different pension security systems should be arranged in different areas. In other words, developed areas should be included under the urban social security system; a quasi urban social security system should be founded in developing areas; a beneficial system should be arranged in less developed areas. Meanwhile, we should exert the functions of the informal systems such as families caring for the aged and mutual help in communities. Finally, the thesis discusses the liabilities and duties of government in establishing pension security system for land-lost peasants. As the author suggests that different systems should be built in different areas, the liabilities of governments in different areas are different. Consequently, the thesis makes analysis from two aspects: the central government and local government. Presently, the settlement of problems of land-lost peasants is mainly supply-decisive, so the change of government's role is necessary so as to achieve the transition to demand-inducted model. This thesis starts from the perspective of central government and local government and analyzes the nature of governmental nonfeasance. Then the thesis clarifies the liabilities of government in setting up system: the central government should present directed advices on expropriating lands as soon as possible, such as providing preferential taxes, supervision on expropriating lands, funds supervision and building special funds for social security of land-lost peasants; the local government should perform their liabilities of contribution and adjust policies according to local situation.In chapter four, the thesis studies the sustainable development of pension security system for land-lost peasants. Firstly, it introduces two basic theories: sustainable development and sustainable livelihood. To achieve sustainable development, on one hand, the system itself should be stable, efficient and long operated. On the other hand, the generation transition of caring for the aged land-lost peasants should be reasonable. Secondly, the thesis discusses several main problems that affect the sustainable development of land-lost peasants: unstableness of collecting capitals, absence of governmental contribution, weak pay abilities of peasants; narrow protection; difficulties of funds increment; lack of elasticity of protection, few choices for land-lost peasants. In the end, the thesis presents some advices on above problems, including to enforce the lawmaking of pension security of land-lost peasants, to strengthen the fiscal transfer payment for poor areas and poor peasants, to develop the functions of commercial insurance companies and innovate the pension security system of land-lost peasants. Meanwhile, some related measures are needed: to promote the employment of land-lost peasants, to reform the household registration and to perfect capital market.The innovations of this thesis are as follows:The first aspect is to analyze the orientation of government in the transition process of pension security system for land-lost peasants from supply-decisive to demand-inducted. It not only analyzes the real cause of government behavior but discusses the necessity of change of government's role, which does some help with respective liabilities ,duties of central government and local government.The second aspect is to analyze: developed areas should be included under the urban social security system; a quasi urban social security system should be founded in developing areas; a beneficial system should be arranged in less developed areas. The third aspect is to put forward"surplus rate accumulative ratio"to calculate the contribution of local government. Some local governments try to drive down the expropriate fees to increase their fiscal revenues. That ratio could solve this kind of problems to some degree.