Research On Assessment Of Ecological Benefits Of Forests And The Ecological Compensation In Jilin Province

Effectiveness of forest ecosystems is the forest ecosystems and ecological processes and the maintenance of the formation of human life conditions and the effectiveness of the natural environment. In addition to forest ecosystems provide humanity with food, agricultural and industrial raw materials and other functions, but also with effective water conservation, water efficiency and soil and improve soil fertility benefits, the role of climate to improve efficiency, to improve the air quality benefits, increase the effectiveness of natural productivity of land, forest tourism efficiency, wind and sand-fixation efficiency, effectiveness of the protection of rare species.Ecological compensation mechanism is implemented through institutional innovations refers to ecological protection of the internalization of externalities, ecological products to solve the consumption of public goods "free-rider" phenomenon, to solve ecological investors a reasonable return on a system.With economic development, social progress, to support human survival and social development of natural resources and ecosystems have been seriously damaged and continue to deteriorate, especially in forest ecosystems. Although the economic benefits of forest ecosystems, and ecological benefits, social benefits of the continuum one three-way has become a consensus, but people on forest ecosystems to assess eco-efficiency measures are not more intuitive, more clear understanding.Forest ecosystems positive externalities and public goods attributes, in order to avoid "free riders" and the "tragedy of the commons" phenomenon, in order to forest ecosystems for sustainable development can only establish a scientific , comprehensive, viable mathematical model of effectiveness of forest ecosystems to assess the economic as the basis for the introduction of a reasonable basis for ecological compensation system and policies is the solution to the problem. In this paper, that is, for the study of forest in Jilin Province, to analyze the economic and ecological compensation.Based on the analysis of Jilin Province, a regional overview, the opportunity cost method, market substitution, shadow project method, analytical methods such as cost analysis, based on the value of water conservation, soil conservation value of the fixed value of CO2, the value of nutrient cycling, Dust function of the value of maintaining biodiversity value of forest eco-efficiency model of measurement and research, such as the use of summary Heights Xie, "the value of ecosystem services in China equivalent factor table" cities of Jilin Province, the domain of forest ecological benefits including gas regulation , climate regulation , water conservation, soil formation and protection, waste disposal, maintenance of biological diversity, food production, raw materials, production, entertainment, including nine of the ecosystem services evaluated. Of Jilin Province in 2005——2008 years of forest data analysis, interpretation of the Jilin Province, the enormous value of forest eco-efficiency.Gray system is known to contain not only information, but also with unknown and non-identifying information of the system is to solve the system analysis, modeling, forecasting, decision-making and control theory. In this paper, the application of gray system analysis of the gray prediction GM (1,1) model of forest ecological benefits of Jilin Province to predict. Overall, the Yanbian City, the largest value of forest benefits, followed by Baishan City, Tonghua and Jilin City, and finally the Baicheng, Songyuan, Liaoyuan, Changchun and Siping City.In this paper, the use of geographic information system will be the value of ecological benefits of forest in Jilin Province to carry out cluster analysis, divided into 4 categories. To maintain the ecological benefits of forest in Jilin Province, must be paid in accordance with the saboteurs, the principle protector of benefit; the principle beneficiaries of the compensation; the principle of fairness; government-led market to promote the principles of; to promote the principle of step-by-step; the principle of common development principles, such as compensation, in the cost method, willingness to pay law, alternative markets, such as standard of compensation under the Act to direct compensation, indirect compensation, for compensation, a one-time compensation, the government-led market-driven compensation and compensation under the guidance of compensation for ecological benefits of forest in Jilin Province for compensation policies and proposals. Forest eco-efficiency as a special commodity, the provision of social groups for the ecological protection, sustainable value for its use, must be forced to pay compensation. Conversion by the amount of compensation for the monetary amount of a comprehensive, fair and reasonable basis, in accordance with its main function to determine the value of the ecological benefits of the purpose of calculating the amount of compensation to the State-based compensation , benefit from the departments, units, companies or individuals supplemented by the spirit of "who benefits and who is compensated," "You broke it, you pay" principle of ecological compensation. To reverse the trend of deterioration of the ecological environment, we must pay full attention to less developed regions of the right to development, improve the ecological compensation funds transfer payments and promoting the ecological environment protection and equal benefit of the common development of the region to ecological and environmental protection and construction combined with poverty to build up a multi-win-win mechanism for ecological compensation.In short, eco-efficiency study of the ecosystem, especially the effectiveness of forest ecosystem research is the ecology, economics, sociology research frontier, but also the future of human society need to address and correct the face of one of the historic topics. In this paper, starting from the Jilin Province of the ecological benefits of forest ecosystems to a preliminary study and forecast of its analysis, the problem is only preliminary, the study of building a framework for further improvement of the ecological benefits of forest in Jilin Province and the study of ecological compensation mechanism efforts needs to be done to explore further.