On Northern Song Dynasty's Water Conservancy Management

This paper is on water conservancy management from the perspective of water management,including the following for parts: water agencies and their Corresponding officials in Northern Dynasty,Management Act system ,Sources of governance funding and expropriation of labor force and water conservancy political comments.it also study the impact of water conservanc management combined with its political and economic relations with the Northern Song Dynasty to outline a profile form of the water conservancy .The water conservancy bodies of Northern Song Dynasty divided into central and local agencies.The central agencies mainly included The Ministry of Gon Subordinated by Shuibusi and Dushuijian with corresponding Officials. The local angencies included specialized institutions charged by the governors of State and county. The local districts of Lu had their own Zhuanyunsi and Shuilisi. In addition, some important rivers like The Yellow River ,The Bian River and The Zhang River had their specialized agencies with corresponding officials.The act of the Northern Song Dynasty water management system is mainly embodied in three aspects,firstly,the tipical act of river defence complied by all water manager was Shenli's"hefangtongyi", secondly ,water conservancy famous for"Bound of farmland Irrigation"thirdly, water transport of grain act included transport act and other government Decree.All these acts were the Protection for the the smooth implementation of water conservancy management . The funding for water conservancy management and expropriation of labor force were properly soluted in the process of water management in Northern Son dynasty, the funding source included government and local Expenditure and Self-financing ,the expenditure of related water conservancy agencies, the average assessed ,and civil raisement.The expropriation of labor force included three types: army , requisition and recruitment of refugees and the hungry.Water political commenter was profile flection of water management in northern Son dynasty. These kinds of comment Focus in northern China on the defence and dredge of the Yellow River,Bian River ,Luo River etc. during which the argument on The Yellow River'east-flow and north-flow was fierce.In south China it mainly focus on the farmland irrigation of east-south rivers.The prosperity of water conservancy of the Northern Song Dynasty benefited from active management of the rulers. However, behind the water management contains a certain degree of political factors , include the needs of military, the impact of the location of Bianjing ,the special attention paid by the Northern Song emperor and the favorable environment conditions resulted from the two reforms .The active management of water in Northern Song Dynasty certainly lead a political and economic impact. Politically it deepened the party struggles and consolidated the defense of the capital security, stabilized the political situation and eased the political situation of the class contradictions; economically, it promoted the economic development especially in agriculture,the tendency of shifting to southern part of the economic center was more obvious. However, objectively speaking, there are also drawbacks of it, requires a dialectical view.