Pax2, Nm23 And Pcna Expression In Renal Cell Carcinoma And Its Significance

[Objectives]To study the expression and function of family of development control gene PAX2, PCNA and nm23 and research their relations in renal cell carcinoma. [Methods]The genes of PAX2, PCNA and nm23 from 44 specimens of patients with renal cell carcinoma and 11 beside the carcinoma tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry (SP method).Each step followed what the SP method requires . The positive and negative control were established in order to avoid nonspecific dying lest there appeared false-positive and false-negative results . PBS was used as negative control, while the affirmed PCNA and nm23 of breast cancer were used as positive control . The cell dyed buff , brown or orange in microscope was regarded as the positive one. Five high power view scopes was selected in every slice of the specimen in order to count all the cells in which the percentage of the positive ones would be calculated. If the percentage of expression rate (ER) was none, < 25% > 25%, -,+,++ was signed individually. All the calculation results were analyzed by chi-square test. [Results]PAX2 gene can be detected in 63.6% renal cell carcinoma specimens, and only 18.2% in Tissues beside the carcinoma portion ,there lies significant difference them(p < 0.05). While the positive rate of PAX2 in renal granular carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma and mixed cell carcinomawere 72.7%, 62.1%, and 50%, respectively. No obvious difference can be seen from them. As to G1, G2and G3 pathologic grades , it's positive rate was 40.0% , 62.5% , 69.6% respectively ,which was differ from others. And in clinical stage 1,11, II and IV of the renal carcinoma ,33.3%, 53.8%, 80.8%,83.3% of the PAX2 expression rate was found. By statistics , the rate was diverse(p < 0.05) between stage 1,11 and III,IV. It seemed that higher the stages of renal carcinoma , higher was PAX2 expression rate. As to PCNA, its ER was higher in carcinoma specimen than in specimen beside the carcinoma (p < 0.05). Like PAX2, PCNA also expressed higher in advanced pathologic grade and clinical stage than in lower grades and stages. And similarly, there was no difference among the tissue types(p > 0.05). However, on the contrary, nm23 expressed lower in carcinoma than in the tissue beside it (p< 0.05). With the advance of the pathologic grade and clinical stage , the ER of nm23 decreased significantly(p < 0.05). And the ER didn't vary with the tissue types, too . There was no relationship between the ERs of PAX2 and PCNA (p >0.05) . But there had some correlation between PAX2 and nm23 , as well as PCNA and nm23(p <0.05). [Conclusions]All the PAX2 ,PCNA and nm23 which were in family of development control genes express differently enough in renal cell carcinoma and in its side tissue , which reveals that maybe they are involved in the formation of the carcinoma . In addition , since PAX2 and PCNA express high with the rising of the pathologic grade and clinical stage while nm23 express low instead , perhaps they induce the development of the carcinoma . The correlation of ER between PAX2 and PCNA as well as PCNA and nm23 clues on that the occurrence ofcarcinoma is the result of several genes react. The three genes including oncogenes and tumor-suppress gene that this experiment studied effects each other, and collectively induce the renal cell carcinoma. They can be applied clinically in diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, which would help judging the state of the carcinoma malignance.