Official Reform In The Late Qing Dynasty Constitutional Value

The beginning of constitutionalism in China starts from the preparatory constitutionalism at the end of Qing Dynasty one hundred years ago.The history of constitutionalism at the end of Qing Dynasty has already written by people in details, but it seems to pay more attention to the abstract theory research, and to talk a kind of abstract constitutionalism, however,it is hardly to see investigating the constitutional problem from the micro perspective. In this paper, the writer tries to investigate the circumstance of the Official System Reform of Shandong province at the end of Qing Dynasty from the micro perspective, and to put the history of the Official System Reform of Shandong province and the value that the history itself contains together. It can analyze the constitutional value of the Official System Reform of Shandong province at the end of Qing Dynasty. The Constitutional Reform at the end of Qing Dynasty refer to the western constitutionalism and transplant the western constitutionalism to push the reform. Although the great quantities of history description involved in this paper, it is not the purpose of the writer to describe the historical fact. In this paper,the writer plan to describe the historical fact of the Official System Reform of Shandong province at the end of Qing Dynasty from the micro perspective to reveal the constitutional value included in the Official System Reform of Shandong province.But it is difficulty for the writer to completely restore all details of the Official System Reform of Shandong province at the end of Qing Dynasty from the existing material in hand.What can I do is to remold the fact of the Official System Reform of Shandong province at the end of Qing Dynasty ,that collects related historical material as so as possible.After the Official System Reform of Shandong province at the end of Qing Dynasty , the traditional highly concentrating administrative power of Shandong province was divided horizontally and vertically.The administrative power was horizontally divided into three parts, such as legislation, judicatory and administration. Shandong province established transitional local parliament organization like Shandong Tzu-I-chu, and local legislative organization bagan to sprout in Shandong province, so legislation and administration bagan to preliminary separate; at the same time, Shandong province also established various trial court, including superior trial court, local trial court and primary trial court, so judicatory and administration bagan to separate.The separation mode of legislation, judicatory and administration bagan to appear.The central power was longitudinally divided into two parts between the central government and the local government. The establishment of local self-government graduate school prepared for the local self-government in Shandong province, and aggressively raised local self-government talents. Then Shandong province established Procedure Meeting and Board of directors to prepare the local self-government affairs of counties, cities and towns.It can reveal the constitutional value of the Official System Reform of Shandong province from the description of administrative system reform, judicial system reform, Shandong Tzu-I-chu and the local self-government organization of Shandong province at the end of Qing Dynasty. Since then, the new words or new system that we dare not to think ever began to enter our sight and put into practice, such as parliamentary system, local self-government and judicial independence and so on, and these measures are all unprecedented in history. Though the Qing Government want to strengthen power to continue to support the governance, the historical trend is irreversible. All achievements brought by the Official System Reform do not take the will of Qing Government.China has already started exploring the way of the constitutionalism one hundred years ago, and made the bold transplantation to the essence of western constitutionalism system. we have no reason to refuse the good system, which is beneficial to the management of human society.Conservative Qing Governments dare to give it a gamble, so it is clear that how powerful the charm of constitutionalism is. We have no reason to doubt or negate the value of constitutionalism through the constitutional experience of Britain, the United States, France, Germany, Japan and other countries.Therefore, it is necessary for us to study the bright achievement conceived by the Official System Reform of Shandong province in Qing Dynasty, and to absorb the sweet dew of history used for the contemporary era.