| Nowadays, Tangshan has become the famous "north porcelain city " in China, and it's local-produced porcelains are sold well throughout the world. However, the history of the pottery and porcelain of Tangshan is often neglected. In this article, we tended and tried to resume the historical status of kiln industry in Tangshan by expatiate the trace of the pottery and porcelain culture, set forth the background and material conditions of the evolvement together with the development of the kiln industry, and also by study and analyze certain porcelains as well as trace back the course of the development of such workshops, factories and companies. The significance of this article is to urge the historical and artistic value of the porcelain production to be generally acknowledged. The essential purpose of this article is to resume the pottery and porcelain history of Tangshan kiln to its proper status among our porcelain history.By using such methods of folklore as on-the-spot investigation, giving the oral accout, collecting material objects together with researching archeological materials and using the methods of cultural relic scrutinization, this article traced to the source of the porcelain of Tangshan kiln, as well as the general situation of the porcelain development, expatiated its characteristics. All the above methods were to distinguish the porcelain of Tangshan kiln among otherporcelains of north China's kiln.To value up this article, the author personally made on-the-spot investigation in Tanshan, Chengde and Longhua, etc. within Hebei Provency; studied in museums as Tangshan Folk-custom Museum, Thangshan Museum and Longhua Museum, etc.; and found out many existed achievements of porcelain investigation. Take the above as the basic, we made all-around investigate and study, and has found some new materials and also gained new revelations.Take the existed investigating achievements of Tangshan kiln as the basis, we carried through the collection of the material objects. According to the recorded of the oral accounts of the local elderly kilnmen, we knew that there was a 'Tianjia kiln" in the late Qing Dynasty specialized in producing the imitations of the ancient porcelains. Such porcelains are the earliest artistic porcelain among Tangshan area, and few could be handed down from ancient times. Nowadays, people cannot get a full view of Tianjia kiln only because the handcraft had lost. During the investigation in Chengde, the author discovered 4 pieces of archaized porcelain by chance at a collector's home. By studying them and investigating the course of their handing down, we authenticated this 4 pieces of archaized porcelain are the Tianjia kiln productions which had lost their handcraft from early ages. The article which instanced by certain material objects, set forth the characteristics of Tianjia kiln and its historical status among the history of pottery and porcelain; these are our new achievements. Such achievements provided new visual materials for the further study of the historyof the pottery and porcelain in this area.Furthermore, during the investigation in Longhua, we discoveried that many characteristics of the kiln products resembled the Tangshan kiln ones in certain ways, thus the latter must have inherited the former historically. The two places are geographically closed to one the other, this determined that the mobility of the craftsmen and the porcelain products were in a certain amount. Due to the political and martial reason, Longhua which was the porcelain city of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, had fallen into disrepair then. However, the daily use porcelain were people's necessities, thus the Longhua kiln had not ceased. According to the historical materials, the craftsmen of Longhua had already moved to the south to Yanshan Mountain, viz. Tangshan area in the beginning of Ming dynasty. Moreover, craftsmen who came from Jiexiu of Shanxi provincy and Zaolin of Shandong provincy, followed by other such migrating people, also arrived Tangshan. The peoples call... |
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