Students' Sense Of Gratitude And Personality Characteristics, The Relationship Between Parental Rearing Patterns Of Study

With the methods of questionnaire investigation and case studies, the study selects some students (from freshmen to seniors) from Yangzhou University and Guangling College of Yangzhou University as subjects, adopts the method of multi-steps cluster sampling (600 distributed questionnaires with 531 valid ones back) and uses the scale of college students' gratitude, 16PF and EMBU to probe into the relationship between the college students' sense of gratitude, personality characteristics and their parents' way of fostering. The findings are as follows:(1) The overall status of the college students' sense of gratitude is all right, and college students' lack of that kind of sense is only a single instance with no universal typicality, let alone to say that the extent of lack has become universally serious.(2) There are obvious differences between the college students' sense of gratitude, the score of female students much higher than that of male students.(3)The differences of environmental element influencing college students' sense of gratitude are significant.(4)The frequency factor of the sense of gratitude has no distinct relevance with the demographic variable which is chosen by this study; the intensity factor, the span factor and the density factor of the sense of gratitude have a very distinct relevance with the gender; the intensity factor of the sense of gratitude is positively correlated to the elements such as colleges and universities, mother's vocation, monthly household total income significantly, but is negatively correlated to grade significantly; the span factor of the sense of gratitude has a significantly positive relevance with students' source region while a significantly negative relevance with monthly household total income; the density factor of the sense of gratitude is negatively correlated to age and grade significantly, but is positively correlated to whether is uniparental, mother's vocation and monthly household total income significantly. (5)Personality characteristics like warmth, intellect, emontionalstability, dominance,liveliness, rule-consciousness,social boldness, abstractness, perfectionism and thesecondary personality factors such as introvert and extrovert, mental health, professionalachievements and growing ability in a new environment are all positively correlated tothe intensity factor of the sense of gratitude significantly; the apprehension factor ofpersonality characteristics and the adaptation and anxiety factors of the secondarypersonality elements have a very significantly positive relevance with the intensity factorof the sense of gratitude. Personality characteristics like warmth,emotional stability,dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, abstractness, self-reliance andthe secondary personality factors such as cowardice and determination, mental health,professional achievements are positively correlated to the frequency factor of the sense ofgratitude signifieantly; personality characteristics like vigilance,apprehension,tension,and the secondary personality factors such as adaptation and anxiety, introvert andextrovert have a very signifieantly negative relevance with the frequency factor of thesense of gratitude. Personality characteristics like intellect,emontional stability,dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, perfectionism and thesecondary personality factors such as introvert and extrovert, mental health, professionalachievements and growing ability in a new environment are all positively correlated tothe span factor of the sense of gratitude significantly; personality characteristics likevigilance,apprehension,tension and the secondary personality factors such as adaptationand anxiety have a significantly negative relevance with the span factor of the sense ofgratitude. Personality characteristics like warmth,intellect,emontional stability,dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, abstractness, perfectionismand the secondary personality factors such as introvert and extrovert, mental health,professional achievements and growing ability in a new environment are all positivelycorrelated to the density factor of the sense of gratitude significantly; personalitycharacteristics like vigilance,apprehension,self-reliance,tension and the secondarypersonality factors such as adaptation and anxiety, acting according to sentiment, serenity and alertness have a significantly negative relevance with the density factor of the sense of gratitude.(6)Some factors of personality characteristics have a function of explanation and anticipation to different extents for each factor of the sense of gratitude. Only three factors of personality characteristics—growing ability in a new environment, liveliness and openness to change enter the regression equation of the intensity factor of the sense of gratitude, and the connected explanation rate of the three for the intensity factor of the sense of college students' gratitude is 9.7%; personality characteristics like openness to change, adaptation and anxiety, tension,apprehension,rule-consciousness, mental health enter the regression equation of the frequency factor of the sense of gratitude, and the connected explanation rate of the six for the frequency factor of the sense of college students' gratitude is 14.2%; personality characteristics like privateness, liveliness, rule-consciousness, intellect, mental health enter the regression equation of the span factor of the sense of gratitude, and the connected explanation rate of the fifth for the span factor of the sense of college students' gratitude is 11.9%; personality characteristics like rule-consciousness, self-reliance, intellect,mental health enter the regression equation of the density factor of the sense of gratitude, and the connected explanation rate of the fourth for the density factor of the sense of college students' gratitude is 13.8%.(7)Factors such as parents' emotional care, understanding (F1, M1), and father's over interference (F3) have a very significantly positive relevance with the intensity factor of college students' sense of gratitude; factors like father's punishment and strictness (F2), parents' refusal, denial (F5, M3), mother's punishment and strictness (M4) are negatively correlated to the intensity factor of college students' sense of gratitude significantly. Factors such as parents' emotional care, understanding (F1, M1) have a very significantly positive relevance with the frequency factor of college students' sense of gratitude; factors like father's punishment and strictness (F2), parents' refusal, denial (F5, M3), mother's punishment and strictness (M4) are negatively correlated to the frequency factor of college students' sense of gratitude significantly. Factors such as parents' emotional care, understanding (F1, M1), and father's over interference (F3), father's preference (F4), father's over protection (F6) have a significantly positive relevance with the span factor of college students' sense of gratitude; father's refusal, denial (F5), mother's refusal, denial (M3), mother's punishment and strictness (M4) are negatively correlated to the span factor of college students' sense of gratitude significantly. Factors such as parents' emotional care, understanding (F1, M1), and father's over interference (F3) have a very significantly positive relevance with the density factor of college students' sense of gratitude; factors like father's punishment and strictness (F2, M4), parents' refusal, denial (F5, M3), have a very significantly negative relevance with the density factor of college students' sense of gratitude.(8)Parents' way of fostering has a function of influence and anticipation to different extents for each factor of college students' sense of gratitude. Mother's over interference and protection (M3) and father's emotional care and understanding (F1) enter the regression equation of the intensity factor of the sense of gratitude, and the connected explanation rate of the two for the intensity factor of the sense of college students' gratitude is 14.6%; Only mother's emotional care and understanding (Ml) enters the regression equation of the frequency factor of the sense of gratitude, and the explanation rate for college students' gratitude frequency is 7.2%; mother's emotional care and understanding (M1) and father's emotional care and understanding (F1) enter the regression equation of the span factor of the sense of gratitude, and the connected explanation rate of the two for college students' gratitude scope is 13.5%; father's emotional care and understanding (F1), mother's punishment and strictness (M4), and mother's emotional care and understanding (Ml) enter the regression equation of the density factor of the sense of gratitude, and the connected explanation rate of the three for college students' gratitude density is 18.4%.(9)When anticipating the condition of college students' sense of gratitude by the stepwise regression analysis, the study makes a further research and filtration on personality characteristics and parents' way of fostering. There are 6 significant variables entering the regression equation of the intensity factor, which are father's emotional care and understanding (F1), mother's refusal and denial (M3), and personality characteristics like perfectionism, rule-consciousness, liveliness, privateness; their multiple correlation coefficient is 0.438, and the connected explanation rate is 19.2%. There are 6 significant variables entering the regression equation of the frequency factor, which are personality characteristics like mental health, father's emotional care and understanding (F1) of parents' way of fostering, and rule-consciousness,apprehension,vigilance,tension; their multiple correlation coefficient is 0.413, and the connected explanation rate is 17.0%. There are 4 significant variables entering the regression equation of the span factor, which are father's emotional care and understanding (F1) of parents' way of fostering, personality characteristics like mental health, privateness,intellect;their multiple correlation coefficient is 0.430, and the connected explanation rate is 18.5%. There are 7 significant variables entering the regression equation of the density factor, which are mother's emotional care and understanding (M1), mother's punishment and strictness (M4) and father's emotional care and understanding (F1) of parents' way of fostering, personality characteristics like mental health, self-reliance,rule-consciousness,intellect; their multiple correlation coefficient is 0.494, and the connected explanation rate is 24.4%.(10)Personality characteristics and parents' way of fostering have an influence allowing no negligence on college students' sense of gratitude. Measures like intervening home education, conducting interaction between home and school, fostering sound personality can be taken to stimulate college students to form the sense of gratitude and externalize it to concrete action of gratitude.