Study Of Ancient Chinese Civil Service Examination System

The appraisal system of Chinese Civil Service in Ancient times is a management system to determine the level and fate of Civil Service from the assessment to their working and Political achievements. The appraisal system of Chinese Civil Service in Ancient times had a long history. There was some records about the system as early as Yao and Shun period. There was "shuzhi" and "xunshou" in Western Zhou Dynasty. The "shangji" in Warring States period is the prototype of The appraisal system of Chinese Civil Service. The appraisal system formally established when it increased the "cicha" system on the basic of the "shangji" system. The system had the most rapid development in Sui and Tang Dynasty. The system had been institutionalize and legalize. "4 Goods and 27 best" provided a strong foundation for the future generations to complete the system. Ming and Qing Dynasty were the last two dynasties in Chinese feudal society, and all aspects of the feudal systems were more mature as the rule of long-term accumulation of experience. Also, the nature of chronic illness and various defects are increasingly exposed to the full because of feudal society has developed to the late nature. So as a remedy, official assessment system had become more perfecting.It has gradually become a fully functional system and strict management system, including the assessment of the competent institutions, assessment criteria, assessment, content and style, and some measures to prevent the distortion evaluation.Assessment agencies was specialized and more reasonable assessment of the standard scientific during the development of the appraisal system of Chinese Civil Service. It adhered to the principle of "Both Morality and Competence" and created the idea category and rule. And legislation in the form of security system are strictly implemented. The appraisal' system of Chinese Civil Service had an important contribution of management officials in ancient China. There were some positive factors to select a large number of feudal government talent. It consolidated the imperial power and maintained the interests of the feudal ruling class. But, there were too many defects, such as the complex standards and malpractices and feudal autocracy during assessment process. It could only been a mere formality because of the history limitations, and it eliminated with the destruction of the feudal dynasty.We can not deny its merits, and we should evaluate it with Dialectical view of history. But there are still many places we should learn from the system because it has been an important part of ancient official management systems although there are many drawbacks and defects.