A Study Of The Stratum Differences In Tutorial Education

The equality of education is a prominent problem in education field. The key of education equality lies in the balanced allocation of education resources.At present, the attention to this problem mainly focuses on school education, but we lacks attention to supplementary education outside of school. In recent years, with the rapid development of supplementary education, it has become a social problem which can not be ignored, having produced much significant social influence.This study attempts to explore one of the aspects, namely the differences among classes in the supplementary education.Based on the survey of four elementary schools in Nanjing, and some kind of case interviews, the study found that there are indeed some differences among different students in supplementary education, mainly manifested in the tutorial content, cost, motive and attitude. In addition, based on the comparison and analysis of the four schools, we also found that students of different schools in the supplementary education is different, and this kind of difference is consistent with the difference among schools. Regression analysis shows that the main factors that affect these differences are family background factors and also the quality of school.The differences among classes in supplementary education are bound to make a difference to social mobility, and the key factor lies in the competition of capital. At the same time, as a way of educational consumption, the supplementary education is associated with logic of consumption. Therefore, as to the differences among classes in supplementary education, we analysis from the angles of the theory of social mobility, the theory of cultural capital and the theory of consumption. The direct reason for the significant differences among classes existing in supplementary education mainly lies in different economic capital and cultural capital among families, and this aspect also leads to differences in the education ideas, the education expectation, the education mode, etc. At the same time, social power is the inderect reason,for example, the stimulus of policy, making parents make certain education choices. The differences produce some corresponding social impacts, reproducing the social inequality and aggravating social stratification.Therefore,we must reflect the new state of social reproduction. School education, as a kind of mediation in the reproduction of social status, has become "the first battle" in the social reproduction. The differences among classes in supplementary education strengthen the influence. In other word, supplementary education, as another intermediary with the same function, has become "the second battle" in social reproduction. However, the change of place doesn’t change the failure of the underclass as the outcome of the battles.Supplementary educational resource is not only kind of "educational resources", but also a kind of "consumer goods". Supplementary education should play positive functions. However, due to the remarkable influence of market, it is hard to achieve a balance between the two aspects.Therefore, the government should take a series of measures to reduce the class differences. On one hand, the government should not only strive to improve the quality of public school education, but also gradually narrow the gap among different schools and give support to disadvantaged schools; on the other hand, the government should be strict with the operation of the supplementary education market and give effect supervision and management. Schools, at the same time, should also take active public education measures to integrate their own education resources to be fully and effectively utilized.