In 1978 Has Been China's Primary And Middle School Students The Value Of The Policy Analysis

Since 1980s, with the research center of social science changing from "what is" to "how to do", the public policy study involving economy, politics and education develop quickly. The studies of educational policy also make great progress. As one part of educational policy, the policies made for managing students in primary and secondary school, which have important influences on individuals, are to be reviewed and evaluated here.The research includes four parts. In the first part, we will explain the research object and the method we adopt by analyzing the concepts of "policy", "educational policy", "policy of student management", "policy analysis", "value" and "concept of value", etc. In the second part, we will review the changes of policy of primary and secondary students from 1978 and divide them into four phases, which mostly occur in the fields of training target and status of students. The first phase is from the end of 1970 to the beginning of 1980, during which the policy-makers paid great attentions to the political thought and the moral character of students, the regular order of teaching and the strict system of evaluating. The second phase, from the middle of 1980 to the beginning of 1990, with the reforming of education, policy-makers began to emphasize students' intelligence and abilities. Aimed to disadvantages of pursuing rates of entrance, some revised policies appeared, such as "entering near school" and "reforming the system of examination". The third phase, from the middle to the end of 1990, with Deng Xiaoping's south cruising speech and the announcement of "The Outline of Education Reformation and Development in China", policy-makers stressed on improving the students' abilities and realized the importance of aesthetic teaching on students' development, emphasizing the all-round development of students. Entrance and evaluation of students in primary and secondary school were thought to be the basis of primary education. The managing policies were required to unburden the students, to be fair and just, and to be concerned with how the examination evaluation influences the personality development of students in primary and secondary school. The fourth phase is from the end of 1990s to the present day. With the rapid development of science andintechnology, the rising of the knowledge-based economy, and the fierce competition of the national powers, the managing policies for the primary and secondary school paid more attentions to the initiating spirits and the practice abilities while they were carrying out the quality education further. In this period, the entrance examination evaluations were to put in practice the policies previously made, and policy-makers tried to search for some concrete solutions.The third part is an analysis of the changing of values of policy-makers. First of all, its progress is to be analyzed, namely, the subjective positions of the students are given with more and more respect; the managing policies are required to face all the students and to pay attention to the differences among them; students' emotional experiences and their practical necessities are also being considered; policy-makers are concentrating on the operation of the policies. The shortages are analyzed in the second place. That is to say, the emotional experiences have not been given enough attention; the critical thoughts and the acquisition of a particular character of the students have been neglected; few attentions are paid to the surpassing characters, the individual differences of the students and the educational and developing functions of the managing activities are also ignored; the participation of the students themselves and the teachers has been overlooked. In the end, we will illustrate that the above shortages are due to dominance of pragmaticalism in the field of education and the metaphysical mode of thinking of policy-makers.In the fourth part, we will take several pairs of contradictions as the point of departure, and offer some possible suggestions for the managing ac...