The Research On The Problem Of Family-Based Care From The Perspective Of The Social Capital Theory

With the huge impactaging problems, traditional Family-supported-care System institutional care system the pattern of home-based care services has developed fast. Home-based care service is based on urban communities as the carrier, led by the community, using community network to serve the old, and aims to form the pattern of making the elderly accept the service in family. Based on social capital theory, this thesis explores how to realize the effective integration of internal and external resource in community to promote the implementation of home-based care system.This thesis reviews the development of aging problems in Harbin and the tendency of home care service, reveals the advantages of home-based care and the reason why it popularizes quickly. At the same time, taking KA community as a case, it discusses the puzzle of social capital in the process of home-based care service. Based on the demand-supply elderly care models, the author investigates how the social capital characteristics of elderly influence the formal and informal system, and put forward the solution for the healthy development of home care service. The author argue that social capital refers to the link between individuals or groups——namely, social network, reciprocity and trust in the social structure; i.e., social capital is the resource that come from the individual's position. After discussing the structure and cognition of social capital, the author uses focus group method and participation observation to separately inspect the six aspects of social capital features of elderly, including organization participation, social support and citizen participation, trust, social cohesion and social control. The author finds, in this community, elderly group has higher level of trust, active citizen participation, good social cohesion and strong social control consciousness, which reduce transaction risks and improve their ability of mobilizing resources, meet the needs of commercial demand, life care and spiritual comfort that home care requires.The conclusion is:the weakening of the elderly group social support network and low willingness in participation restrict the supply system of elderly from formal and informal system. In order to promote the healthy development of community home care, we must actively cultivate the social capital of the olderly. Facing the dilemma of home care practice, the author make the following suggestions, such as encouraging the elderly to establish extensive personal relationship network, and participating in group activities to improve its social capital, which can enhance the community's ability of transferring the home care resource service; Second, we must promote mutual community organization's development and strengthen the ability of neighborhood committees service's home care to improve participation inelderly organization; Finally, by establishing effective community rules and community relations network, the social capital can be cultivated and strengthened, which results in the deployment of the resource inside and outside community and promoting the development of the home care service.