Research On Access Policy Of American Higher Education In The Perspective Of The New Institutionalism

Since the new century, educational equity has become the focus of the social life and the field of education gradually, along with the higher education reforms which is public and marketization. Traditionally, the resolution of problems on education in China is more dependent on the regulation of educational policies. Therefore, we can sort out the roots of the system about the problem of higher education through the research of higher education policy-making process on the system point.After the World War II, the U.S. federal government issued a series of education policy to expand the opportunities of entrance about Higher Education, while expanding the scale of higher education. Educational equity issues have been handled better. Fundamentally, this is because the United States has been established a set of regulatory policies which are stable relatively and the institutional basis of the procedures and process basically over a long period of development. In contrast, China which is in transformation is facing the dual challenges of the innovation and systems. It has become an important issue that how to achieve the improvement of policy-making system through the reconstruction of the rules, which can enhance the science and democracy. The first step to address this issue is to discuss the influence of system about formulating of public policy.The article makes the introduction of new institutionalism on the basis of sorting out public policy and education policy. It focuses on the significance of policy research through elaborating the branch of new institutionalism and historical institutionalism. On this basis, it described the evolution of American history about higher education policy to the point educational equity since World War II. The system of protection in policy-making mechanism is also the Research emphasis; The actors and their relationships who make the process of policy in U.S. Education Act Amendments of 1972 show the characteristics of policy community, which is related to its political system and other relevant congressional committee system; The approach of strengthening institutionalization about policy-making process which is about higher education is proposed by the experience of the United States,which refers to the lack of institutionalized security mechanism of Policy-making process about Higher Education.