The Role Of Government In Construction Of Community

The term Community was originally proposed by Germany sociologist F. Tonnies in 1881, but at that time the meaning was rather close to "group" and "collective". Community contains two essential elements:firstly, it is "area" which refers to that within a certain area; secondly, it is "society" which refers to a group that socially related. The initial community research once occupied a primary status in sociology, the representative one is the Chicago School in America, in 1920s to 1930s, the School had made research on urbanization process in Chicago to explain the structure and trends of American cities. The Chicago School not (?)only aimed at Chicago as its research object, but also made further research on a number of single communities at different classes, such as Jewish community, polish immigrant community, neighborhoods of upper community as well as slums. The initial community research cared more the relationship among each social class and people's common life. The research on community becomes richer and richer along with social development, it pays more attention on function construction of community to perfect its functions. China is at the rapid growth process of urbanization, over the 30 year's reform and opening up, the former planned economy was gradually transited to market-oriented economy, the former departmentalization of community function was gradually transited to socialization, perfection of the community functions is needed, and government is also required to offer appropriate guide and reasonable structuring of the organization. A series of problems, from pensions to medical treatment, from education to employment, from environment to settle down, all relate to people's livelihood and development of harmonious society. This paper takes a common city community in thousands of communities in China as an example, makes analysis and presentation of the role played by government in city community construction. Firstly, government shall give human resource support to community. Human is the resource of organization, and is the first resource, it shall emphasize on cultivation of people's skill, knowledge, ability and interest, and make him or her be competent in management and leadership, as well as establish reasonable talent selection to let every one do his best. Secondly, government shall guide community structure establishing and related system building. Along with constant development of urbanization, social division of labor becomes more explicit, social security system is also gradually established. Community is not a definition of areas, but the comprehensive service organization structure system established within a certain range of space, aiming to make the people's life happier. The organization is not a simple department setup, each department provides not only the single service function, what's more, it deals with the common issues in people's everyday life, so system building of the organization must feature comprehensiveness, enforceability, simple and flexible, convenient and quick and so on. Thirdly, government shall cultivate the community culture that shall be widely recognized by the people in community. Hobby, team awareness, sense of social responsibility, value orientation of the community members will directly influence the community development, and play an important role in building harmonious society. In brief, whether there are sense of identity and belonging to the organization. Sound community culture atmosphere will surely improve the efficiency of community organization. Finally, government shall carry forward the political life construction. In a country of democracy and law, people have the right of political life, and also the need of it, construction of community party organization is the foundation of our Party, and serves as one of the primary contact windows between the Party and the masses, it is entitled the function of voting and standing for election, so the rights and obligations of every citizen empowered by constitution is realized.Due to the status of urbanization development in China, Xinghua Community of Zhanqian Area in Yingkou city was taken as the example, Yingkou city is a rapidly developed second or third-tier city, economic foundation is not so strong, and much unsolved old problems are left during the economic transition, as well as many new issues inevitably arising along with the social development. Those said problems are quite complex, Xinghua Community handles them well, and be praised as Harmonious Community in Liaoning Province, and becomes the star community in Yingkou city. For the role played by government in community building, the experiences gained by Xinghua Community offers a model for other new merging communities, especially give some reference for community construction of the city with old industrial bases in Northeast China Region.Originated from the government reform tide in the end of 1970s, new public management theory gives higher priority on efficiency and public satisfaction, advocates to apply economic means and market behavior to administrate social public resources to reduce the cost of government administration and relieve the financial burden of government, the new public management theory breaks the unidirectional command relationships and builds interactive communication and oriented administration, it is the key breakthrough. Community, as non-governmental public organization, this paper tries to discuss its current situation and developing tendency in China by new public management theory, to analyze relationship, responsibility and duty between the subject and object of public management, and finally to apply the new public management theory to solve problems.