Empowerment Of The Minority Community In The Tourism Development

As an important part of the tertiary industry, tourism industry is the world's fastest growing industries. Comprehensive and strong tourism industry, promote a wide range, including the transportation, sightseeing, accommodation, dining, shopping, entertainment and other six elements of the national economy in hundreds of industries, creates job opportunities. Rapid development in the tourism industry, the growth of our national economy has made tremendous contributions, it also became a unique natural and geographical landscape, long history and splendid culture, unique charm of the folk customs waiting for that and have the a large number of high-grade tourism resources to create employment opportunities for ethnic minority areas, an important way to achieve economic growth. However, in ethnic minority areas continued development of the tourism industry, along with many contradictions and increasingly acute exposure. Development and implementation of national regional economic growth through tourism does not mean the local minority community benefit. Residents of minority communities in tourism development as one of the main interests, often in the economic, psychological, political, social and other aspects of a vulnerable group, in a variety of power structures being marginalized, they can not participate in tourism development led to the decision making process the development of the tourism industry is difficult to share the economic benefits. Some areas, such as a "tourist enclave phenomenon", foreign investors accounted for the location of tourism operators, to grab the majority of economic interests. And because tourism is not clear property rights, minority community residents can not get appropriate compensation. Local residents often take extreme measures rights, or even vicious violence of the local economic, social, cultural, environmental and other serious impact on sustainable development.Minority communities as a tourist destination is very important to tourism development stakeholders, the generation of the geographical environment and its living history, culture, lifestyle and other tourism resources to be as invested in the specific assets to the tourism development, the direct commitment to tourism caused by the economic, social and ecological environment of the negative impact of urgent need to enjoy a more equitable benefit-sharing and cost sharing. This has been of particular concern to scholars around the world, emphasizing community participation in a research trend. However, the tourism industry world-wide practice of development seems, in most cases of community involvement is just formal. Especially in developing countries, development of the tourism industry practice, the developers and the government has been dominated by tourism development in the location of the actual controller, the advocacy of community participation can not be implemented. The reason is that the community in the power structure in a weak position, so community involvement on the premise that empowerment of communities. But most of the right will increase the "power" to stay in the realization of shared interests, and not from the community in the initial conditions of the resources and ability to proceed to study its position in the power structure in which the transformation process, which is a causal relationship between confused and not sure about the "empowerment" of the substance.Community participation as a means of planning approach or technology is based on stakeholder theory based. Both stress the ways in which the interests of the community to share more, in essence, is a kind of institutional arrangements established under the management and operation of tourism revenue generated by claims of concern. However, this is necessarily a basis of ownership, and to determine any of the tourism development stakeholders by means of a property must first be arrangements to ensure that the rights of its own dominant position in order to reason and by virtue of their available resources, become a kind of tourism development and revenue sharing to achieve the reality of power. In addition, the theory of power from the tourism by the characterization of the four dimensions appear, resulting in the community because the parties are not entitled to the status of resource property rights are unclear, lack of effective protection of property rights caused. Therefore, understanding the process of tourism development in ethnic minority areas of tourism resources property rights to address the plight of the community property is the key to achieving community empowerment.Based on the property rights system of tourism resources, the understanding and analysis, reveals the development of minority communities in the tourism situation in the right of property rights is the essence of tourism is not clear. Tourism development in ethnic minority communities in economic, social, psychological, political and other aspects of the phenomenon of loss of the right are caused by the issue of property rights. The current system of property rights in China led to tourism community participation in tourism development process in the face of high transaction costs, is prone to lead tourism resources of the "tragedy of the commons," a lack of community residents to participate in the incentive, lack of effective use of tourism resources, tourism lack of resources, difficulties in the value of information property rights difficult. Minority communities are excluded in the law of property rights in natural tourism resources in addition to its ownership of cultural tourism resources are not available to legal protection. Government-led development in the context of minority communities not involved in the local tourism planning, decision-making process. This has resulted in minority communities in tourism development in the political loss of rights. In the process of tourism development, tourism development resources due to the increase in value has been reverted to the Government, the community had the right to use the resource was denied. As minority communities can not participate in planning, decision-making process, which did not form one community of interest as the main distribution mechanism. Most of the benefits flow to the government, developers and local communities very few have the capital elite. Communities do not receive the most extensive economic benefits of tourism development, resulting in economic loss of community rights. Existing institutional arrangements of property rights of tourism resources of minority communities resulting lack of incentives for participation in tourism development, the lack of resources may make effective use of tourism. Residents of some communities have no interest in tourism development, or disappointed, resulting in loss of the right heart of the community. High transaction costs and the "tragedy of the commons phenomenon" the existence of the internal members of the community is difficult to cooperate in tourism development, the original members of the community's system of linked bond is weakened, so that disputes within the community are caught. Also, because of cultural tourism resources of the overdraft, the community lost the respect of traditional culture. Communities in tourism development but also in the loss of the social dimension of rights, no right to the state.In this paper, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province Danba County, a ranking Tibetan village tourism development case to the specific case of the minority communities in tourism development in the analysis of the phenomenon of loss of the right, and the local ethnic minority communities in tourism development in loss of property rights proposed to explain the phenomenon.Finally, to our minority communities in tourism development in the loss of the right to put forward policy proposals to try to property from the perspective of tourism resources in tourism development to solve community problems in the right.