The Sociology Study On Farmland Adjustment

After fixed farm output quotas for each household, state’s formal power was withdrawn from the rural society, and the rural economic and social structure had undergone a fundamental change. In this context, some villages formed a spontaneous order which is not too much controlled by external force strength. That is regular adjustment of the farmland. Xing village from Central China is such a village. Farmland adjustment is the breakthrough point of this study. Xing village as a case, this study breakthrough economics’barriers on this problem, from the perspective of sociology, using qualitative and quantitative research methods, deeply analyzes the rural spontaneous social order of farmland adjustment, and explores the formation, surviving and function expression of the rural spontaneous order.The first is the formation of farmland adjustment. After fixed farm output quotas for each household, the state’s formal power was withdrawn from the rural society, which provided a space for the formation of the rural spontaneous order. Based on equalitarianism, collective member right and survival ethics, under the guidance of the interest, through the democratic centralism, with the help of successively imitate, partial countryside formed the unique rural spontaneous order of farmland regularly adjustment.The second is surviving of farmland adjustment. Farmland adjustment as a kind of rural spontaneous social order meets the appeal of egalitarianism of farmers, and finally achieved average personal interests. But this order is not tally fits with national name system, and even more and more deviates from national name system. Fortunately, the national practice system is not conflicts with it, but to a certain extent they have the internal consistency. National practice system provides a huge space for the existence of rural spontaneous order. At the same time village which also through some means restrains village individuals to destroy this existing order with the help of national name system. Of course, the surviving of this rural spontaneous order can’t just rely on these means from the village cadres, and to a great degree it also relies on the acceptance from farmers. Not only does the national name system impact the rural spontaneous order of farmland adjustment, but the changes of countryside internal economic and social structure also impact the rural spontaneous order. However, this spontaneous order has self maintaining mechanism, which through a series of adaptive strategies, ensures the surviving of this order.The third is the function expression of farmland adjustment. The rural spontaneous order of farmland adjustment presented a series of manifest functions and latent functions. Its manifest function is to meet the farmers’fair possession of the farmland, but the latent functions are to integrate the community of the villagers groups, to provide the public goods for the villagers groups, to form the farmland changing market, to restrain the farmland fragmentation, and so on. These manifest functions and latent functions, in turn, support the surviving of the rural spontaneous order of farmland adjustment.Based on the above analysis, the basic conclusion of this study is that the state’s formal power was withdrawn from the village social, which provide a space for the rural spontaneous order. National practice system which is based on the national governance logic and surpasses national name system provides asylum for this spontaneous order. Facing the changes of external policy environment and internal economic and social structure, rural spontaneous social order produces the self maintaining mechanism, and through a series of adaptive strategies, achieves the surviving of this rural spontaneous social order. This rural spontaneous social order has the manifest functions and latent functions, and these functions, in turn, support the surviving of this order. Based on this conclusion, this study is further discussed by the author. This study responded to a basic topic of sociology research, that is "how possible is social order?" And this study also responds the topic that is the relationship between state power and rural social order. Finally, it points out the limitations of the study.