The Livelihood Capitals And Migrant Returnees’ Self-employment: Based On The Intergenerational Perspective

The migrant worker is a special group in economic and socialtransitional period of China society. After the financial crisis, alarge number of migrant workers lost their jobs, the "businessboom" after the "Flood" become received the whole society’attention. Policies in Twelfth five-year’ period create a goodenvironment for rural migrant workers. Actively helping andencouraging starting migrant returnees’ self-employment has morebenefit. First of all, it can expand migrant workers’ employmentchannel, raise migrant workers’ income level and achieve stableemployment; Second it can drive the multiplier effect, provide anew way for the transfer of rich labor force in rural areas; Third, itplays a role not only in promoting the industrial management ofagriculture and the urban-rural economic integration but alsopromoting the economy of rural areas social development andconstruction of a new socialist countryside. Studying theinfluencing factors of migrant worker’ self-employment, and on thisbasis, put forward some policies of promoting migrant returnees’self-employment, has important practical significance to the rapiddevelopment of China’s economy.In this paper we adopted the data of rural migrant workers survey made by Economy and Management Institute in Shan xiNormal University in2012. Discuss the different age, gender,marital status, traffic and economy conditions of migrant workers’livelihood capital and entrepreneurship and found that twogenerations of migrant workers have significant differences inlivelihood capital and entrepreneurship.This study used logistic regression model and contingencytable to analyze the livelihood capital’s influence to entrepreneurialbehavior and effectiveness, the results show that: for the newgeneration of migrant workers, the land quality in the naturalcapital has reverse effect to entrepreneurial behavior; the numberof rooms in physical capital has positive impact to entrepreneurialbehavior; the working lives and training experience in humancapital have a positive impact on the entrepreneurial behavior;borrowing money in financial capital has a positive impact toentrepreneurship, and received government subsidies has reverseeffect; the scale of emotional communication network andentrepreneurial communication network size in social capital havea positive influence on entrepreneurial behavior, the scale of socialsupport network has a reverse effect. Another male, and spousemigrant workers are more likely to choose entrepreneurship.Through the livelihood capital’s influence to entrepreneurialeffectiveness, we found these factors such as: the land quality ofthe natural capital; the number of consumer-type facilities, housingstructure in physical capital; working lives, level of education inhuman capital; loans in financial capital; the scale of social supportnetwork and entrepreneurial communication network in social capital have a positive influence on the entrepreneurialeffectiveness of the new generation of migrant workers. For theolder generation of migrant workers, the number of consumer-typefacilities in physical capital has a positive impact onentrepreneurial behavior; the education level and health status inhuman capital have a positive influence on entrepreneurshipbehavior; the loan and borrowing money have a positive influenceon entrepreneurship behavior; the scale of social support networkand entrepreneurial communication network have a positiveinfluence on entrepreneurship behavior; Through the livelihoodcapital’s influence to entrepreneurial effectiveness, we found that:the number of consumer-type facilities in physical capital; healthstatus, level of education, training experience in human capital;loans and income of agriculture in last year in financial capital; thescale of the actual support network and entrepreneurialcommunication network in social capital have a positive impact tothe entrepreneurial effectiveness for the older generation ofmigrant workers’.This study used ordinal regression model and contingency tableto analyze the livelihood capital and entrepreneurial status’sinfluence to entrepreneurial consequences. From the livelihoodcapital’s influence to entrepreneurial consequences, we found that:for the new generation of migrant workers, the land quality innatural capital has a positive influence on the level of income;housing structure, the number of rooms and consumer-typefacilities in physical capital have a positive impact on income level;working lives in human capital has a positive influence on the level of income; received government subsidies in the financial capitalhas a positive influence on the level of income; the scale ofemotional support network in social capital has a positive influenceon the level of income; the male and who in village’s economicdevelopment region have higher income levels. For the oldergeneration of migrant workers, the amount of land in natural capitalhave a positive impact on income levels; the housing structure andthe number of consumer-based facilities in physical capital have apositive impact on the income level; the migrant workers withjunior middle school education in human capital have higherincome levels; loan in financial capital have higher income levels;the scale of entrepreneurial communication in social capital has apositive influence on the level of income; From the entrepreneurialstatus’s influence to entrepreneurial consequences, we found thatthe entrepreneurial behavior and effectiveness of the twogenerations of migrant workers can generate significant positiveimpacts to entrepreneurial consequences.Based on the deeply research about the result, the study putforward some related policy from the government, socialorganizations, migrant workers three angles to explore how to helpmigrant returnees’ self-employment.