The Negotiation Of "Jiandao Issue" Between China And Japan:1907-1909

Japan gradually established its military power in the south of Chinese northeastby the Portsmouth Meeting and Beijing Meeting between China and Japan after theRusso-Japanese War.Japan launched more military invasions on the northeast ofchina in order to realize its so-called mainland strategy. So, it targeted on the northbank of Chinese Tumen River, provoking the “Jiandao issue”. There was negotiationover this issue between the two parties which can be divided into two phases.In the first phase,“Jiandao”’s ownership became the core issue for the bothparties. The other three issues were aroused all because of the core issue. Japanattempted to seize right to mine in the “Jiandao”’s land of Koreans who crossed theborder to cultivate and Tianbaoshan ore mining rights and the right of crossing TumenRiver right freely just for the lame excuse that “Jiandao” had no holder to realize itsoverall invasion on the north bank of Chinese Tumen River. Faced with thissituation，the government of Qing Dynasty interfered with the Japanese party activelyand refuted the ridiculous fallacy from Japan using a substantial amount of reliablehard evidence，making the latter one at the more and more unfavorable position in thetalks, the government of Qing Dynasty achieved some success in the otherinterference to some extent.In the second phase，Japan threatened the government of Qing Dynasty tocompromise over the five cases in Northeast，claiming to have “Jiandao” ownership.On the other hand，Japan continued to broaden its interest scope such as thejurisdiction of reclaiming land of Koreans who crossed the border to cultivate，setting up the consulate in “Jiandao”, Tianbaoshan ore mining rights, the right ofcrossing Tumen River right freely etc.In September4,1909, the two parties came to an agreement and signed on “theTumen River China and Korea border terms”，“the five cases in Northeast terms”.On one hand，Japan admitted Chinese ownership over the “Jiandao”.The governmentof Qing Dynasty protected its territorial sovereignty by its unremitting effort. At thesame time，however，the government of Qing Dynasty comprised over the issues suchas the five cases in Northeast, setting up the consulate in “Jiandao”, Tianbaoshan oremining rights etc. China lost a lot of interests.