Comparison Of Chinese Passive Sentences And Its Implications For Teaching Chinese As A Foreign Passive Sentences

The passive sentence appears relatively early in Chinese, which exists in many other languages, as well. Although there are some different viewpoints on the Chinese passive sentence, the researches are very deep, which laid a solid foundation for the passive sentence’contrast research between Chinese and foreign language and the research on teaching Chinese as a foreign language.As a common universal language in the world at present, English not only is mastered by the largest number of people but also is more likely to become the intermediate language between Chinese teachers and foreign students.Therefore, from the perspective of comparative analysis, using the language which is spoken by both Chinese teachers and foreign students to teach Chinese, the grammatical rules of Chinese can be highlighted remarkably., Which does good to both Chinese learner from English countries and the ones master English.Thus, we can achieve twice the result with half effort. However, as the same grammar project appears in both mother language and other target languages, which, on one hand, can help Chinese learners positively,also has negative influence on Chinese learners on the other hand.Chinese and English are two different languages,Chinese pay more attention to the meaning, the syntactic structure is flexible. While, English focus on hypotaxis, the syntactic structure is rigorous. The expression of passive sentences in Chinese and English is not the same,and there are a certain number of unmarked passive sentences in both Chinese and English. It is not easy for the Chinese learners to learn Chinese passive sentences well,only depending on the semantic understanding. Therefore, What we should do is to find the same and the different between Chinese and English passive sentences on the basis of Chinese-English contrast research, highlight the characteristics of Chinese passive sentence and try to make the students play the role of positive transfer and avoid negative transfer effects.After summarizing the predecessor’s researches about passive sentences, the scope of research on Chinese-English passive sentences is determined. Chinese passive sentences include "bei(jiao, rang, gi)"sentence, the sentences with special words of passive meaning(such as:ai,shou),"shi......de"sentence with passive meaning,"you" sentence and the lord statements.English passive sentences are mainly study the passive voice and other sentences expressing passive meaning by means of lexical approach. On this basis, this paper developed the contrast-research on Chinese-English passive sentences,summarized and analyzed the similarities and differences mainly on their syntactic structure. The contrast research on Chinese-English marked passive sentences mainly includes:the relationships between mark-words and other syntactic components; the order of internal grammar components; the restrictions of internal grammar components. The contrast research on Chinese-English unmarked passive sentences mainly appears in the form of a table,focusing on the similarities and differences between lord statement in Chinese and active verbs expressing passive meaning in English;the comparison between "shi......de"sentence with passive meaning and its English habits;the contrast on Chinese and English lexical means of expressing passive meaning. Through analyzing Chinese passive sentences and comparing them with English passive sentences, the rules of Chinese marked passive sentences are obvious, in addition, unmarked passive sentences are sorted and analyzed.Especially, the rules of Chinese marked passive sentences become clear, that is, the subject must be determined; the predicative verbs are restricted with special conditions; one of the objects of double-object sentence is restricted with special conditions when doing patient subject;adverbial position is fixed; the complement or dynamic auxiliary and marked words can not lack.In the third chapter, a questionnaire for students in English-speaking countries was designed on the basis of the comparison results, which investigated the errors the students in English-speaking countries produced when learning Chinese passive sentences. What’s more, the errors types were summarized and the causes of errors were analyzed mainly in Chinese-English contrast vision. On the basis of theoretical comparison and practical investigation, finally, this paper discussed the emphases,difficulties and confused points of passive sentences in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, additionally, sum up three points which should be payed attention to and some concrete suggestions during Chinese passive sentence-teaching.Hopefully,this article can be useful to improve the efficiency of passive sentences in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.