Study On Employment Issues Of Landless Peasants Under The Perspective Of Sustainable Livelihoods

Landless peasants are special groups whose all or most of the land is expropriated due to national public interest needs or business development requirements in the process of urbanization or industrialization. With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization process and the continuous expansion of the city, a large number of rural collective land is expropriated, thus surging the number of landless peasants. Land and non-agricultural population is an inevitable trend in the modernization process, but affected by the long-term urban-rural dual economic system, the livelihoods of passive landless peasants cause great concern by urbanization process promoted by the entire government, some landless peasants are unable to obtain the normal survival capital through employment. Sustainable livelihoods refer to the earning capacity, capital and income-generating activities of the individuals or families to improve the long-term living conditions. Sustainable livelihoods theory has been widely used in the international community to solve the livelihoods of poor people. To solve this problem, this paper analyzes the employment problems of landless peasants on the basis of field research, and provides the advice on solving the problem under the perspective of sustainable livelihoods, focuses on the discussion of justice, continuity and development of the landless peasants, and makes efforts to build the policy focused on the future, specific and detailed, and workable.This paper is divided into four parts:The first part is introduction, including the raise of employment issue, definition of landless peasants and the working age, study on the landless peasants and other employment issues, and the review of existing research and innovation of this article, the literature, profile field observation, questionnaire, and interview methods are used in this paper.The second part focuses on the analysis of employment situation of the landless peasants in Chengdu, firstly, it introduces the current related policies and shortcomings for aiding landless peasants’employment in Chengdu; Secondly, the paper points that the landless peasants are difficult to combine into urban employment system based on the investigative materials:Employment presents the coexisted trend of informal employment and structural unemployment, lacks entrepreneurial dynamism, large skills training gap with poor results.The third part is the basic path and measure to solve the employment problem of landless peasants, and proposes solutions to employment issues of the landless peasants under the perspective of sustainable livelihoods, guided with the concept of "harmonious employment", giving full play to the dominant position of the government, and adopting the mode of "the State+SME+Associational landless peasants+education and training institutions".The fourth part studies the shortage and the outlook, this study concerns little on offspring employment issues of landless peasants and the effect of current employment situation of landless peasants on offspring’s employment, etc. The study warns that under the case that a fair and reasonable opening mechanism has not yet formed and social mobility channel is not smooth, there exists poverty intergenerational transfer problem among landless peasants, we recommend the following researchers to conduct in-depth study of landless peasants from improving education for their children so as to break the vicious cycle of intergenerational poverty.