| China proposed using urban area to feed rural area as guiding ideology,addressing using urbanization policies to solve three rural issues to achieve a progressive realization of the integration of urban and rural area.However,during the urbanization process,the living condition of peasants have not been improved.Most of the peasants walked into poverty due to loss of the survival land.China's urbanization not only became into a false status,but also gradually turned into a disguised form of "enclosure movement" because of the land price difference.The society and professors' great concern,land-lost peasants,is considered as a particular vulnerable group.People try to find an effective way to solve the problem of land-lost peasants from a single issue to shift to sustainable livelihoods in three dimensional solutions,and to protect the system,and the standards of compensation,employment and social inclusion.The dissertation discusses about Liupanshui,Guizhou province as a case study.lt takes the abundant study of existing literatures and documents,as theoretical foundations,and also applies to filed research.The author has visited a large number of land-lost peasants in Liupanshui city to gain first-hand materials,classified the land-lost peasants based on the actual situation, and interviewed samples by random sampling methodology to collect data for the main research of this article.The investigation shows that land-lost peasants in Liupanshui city have difficulties to maintain the standard of living.There is an obvious gap of quality of life between those peasants and urban residents.The employment situation of land-lost peasants is not optimistic.They do not fully enjoy the residents welfare and also face many limitations on future development and other issues.All the above results show a serious problem of unsustainable livelihoods.The unsustainable livelihood problems of land-lost peasants in Liupanshui City have great impacts on the social security and the economic development. The impact on the social security are as follows. Firstly, contradictions and disputes between land-lost peasants and the government are growing fast. The escalation of conflicts, groups, confrontations and repeated petitions happen frequently. Those activities affect social harmony and increase the social management costs. Secondly, it reveals the trend that land-lost peasants and their relatives take the risk of engaging in illegal activities to maintain a basic living. This lay hidden issues on the social security system in the city. Meanwhile, from the perspective of the economic development, the land-lost peasants leave their home to make a living in big cities. It lead Tia huge loss on labored, and affects the development of tertiary industry. To some extent, it hinders the adjustment of industrial structure in Liupanshui City, making the city into "the lack of popularity-labor turnover-development lag",a vicious cycle.At the same time,the unsustainable livelihoods of land-lost peasants,the high poverty rate,and the increasing population of the people due to the urbanization raise the cost of social management.The reasons lead to unsustainable livelihoods of land-lost peasants in Liupanshui City are diverse and complex. Main reasons contain some public management factors, such as extremely low level of compensations, and flawed security system, and also contain some individual factors, such as inefficient local policy enforcement, and low social management level. Though doing researches on international advanced experiences and case studies on domestic developed areas, the article proposes that in order to solve livelihood problems of the land-lost peasants in Liupanshui City, the government could consider adjusting the standard of compensations for land acquisition, exploring various resettlement arrangement options, establishing comprehensive security system and enhancing the capability of sustainable development on land-lost peasants'livelihoods. |
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