Haze Governance Research In Shandong Province Based On The Perspective Of Energy Efficiency

In recent years, haze pollution is very prominent in our country. In 2013, Most regions of China encountered the worst haze weather in history. the high frequency of haze, widely coverage and deeply pollution were unprecedented. Shandong province has been in the key areas of haze pollution and got hurt deeply. Merely in January 2013, Shandong had broken out four times heavy haze weather in large-scale. In December 2015, AQI index of Dezhou and Liaocheng broke the maximum limit, all cities launched the severe pollution weather emergency response, partial areas also took emergency actions, such as suspend classes and traffic controls.Shandong province is not only a big economic province but also most populous province. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the people’s life and maintain sustainable development of economic and social, Controlling the haze pollution has become the top priority. In addition, Shandong ranks the first in energy consumption of China. large amount of pollutant discharge in fossil energy consumption is the important cause of haze in Shandong province. Furthermore, it is difficult to govern the haze pollution because it can transfer everywhere, unless the governments can act together. However, all cities of Shandong province still stand alone under the inertia of apanage responsibility "sweep the snow from his own doorstep". They are passive in the cooperation governance haze. The reason is that there is lack of economic power for they to governance the haze together. Therefore, on the basis of the ash haze pollution reducing direction, we should set up an economic incentive mechanism for cooperative governance haze, and it will be the premise for cities to participate in governance haze together.Therefore, this paper will use the NS-DEA model who can take into account the unexpected output and inseparable character between the unexpected output and energy consumption to calculate cities’ energy efficiency of Shandong province based on the perspective of energy; evaluate the potential of energy saving and pollution reducing based on energy efficiency, and apply the Tobit model to analyze influence factors of energy efficiency and energy conservation and emissions reduction potential who can handle limited dependent variable in order to find out the direction of energy saving and pollutant emission reduction. Then we would calculate the optimal removal amount and cooperation benefits under cooperation by building the Removal Cost Function and Environmental Cost Optimal Model of haze pollutant, and then allocation the cooperation benefits to cities scientific and reasonable based on the Cooperation Benefits Compensation Model in Weighted, to solve the cities’ economic incentive problems of cooperation governance haze. There are some main conclusions in this paper as follows:(1) The overall energy efficiency is 0.62 of Shandong province, the energy efficiency loss reaches 0.38. There are only two cities (Qingdao and Dongying) are on the efficient frontier for five consecutive years. Laiwu and Rizhao always below 0.4 in energy efficiency.(2) The provincial energy consumption saving potential is as high as 24.5%, Zaozhuang, Rizhao and Laiwu can save more than half of the total energy consumption; Every city has a larger pollutant emissions reduction potential, Jining, Laiwu, Liaocheng and Binzhou’s SO2 emission reduction potential are more than 60%; Weifang and Linyi’s NOx emission reduction potential are more than 50%; Dust is the highest of pollutants in the emissions reduction potential. Zaozhuang, Weifang, Jining, Taian, Weihai, Rizhao, Laiwu, Linyi, Dezhou and Binzhou’s Dust emission reduction potential can reach up to 70%.(3) Energy structure has significant negative effect on the energy efficiency, industrial structure and government influence has significant positive impact on energy efficiency; Higher energy structure can increase the energy input redundancy, but the government intervention will reduce it; Energy structure has a significant positive effect to SO2, NOx and Dust emission reduction potential; Industrial structure and the government also has a negative effect on Dust emission reduction potential.(4) Under cooperation situation, the total cost of removing SO2 of Shandong province is 3.97 billion yuan in 2013, compared with the cost of the non-cooperative case to reduce 476 million yuan, the cost saving rate reaches 10.7%. After compensate all cities with cost savings in weight, every city gets economic benefits from the cooperation of removing contaminants. Therefore, Environmental Cost Optimal Model and Weighted Cooperation Compensation Mechanism can consider the collective rationality and individual rationality. It can provide economic incentives for cities to governance haze in cooperation, and can also be a decision-making support for Shandong province to control haze.