Use Of Satellite Data To Monitor Urban Water Management Infrastructures Under Extreme Weather Conditions: Preliminary Study

As the frequency of extreme rainfall is increasing in Europe, it causes countless damage to human beings. One of solution to manage excess water is constructed wetlands, which can be used as water storage and water purification. “Kristalbad” is such kind of new infrastructure located between Enschede and Hengelo(Dutch cities). This study focused on how to use remote sensing(RS) to get the extreme weather conditions(rain rate, cloud properties), to derive surface properties(distribution of paved, unpaved, water bodies, sewer, seepage, etc.) and to generate input data for a simulation model(DMS) of the hydrology and hydraulic processes(runoff, discharge, etc.). It contains several parts such as deriving rain rate from satellite image, building a sub-catchment based on digital elevation model(DEM) and developing a prototype model(RAM-Duflow) to monitor the runoff, and flows through the constructed wetlands.Meteosat second generation(MSG) was first introduced to get the rain rate while it gave underestimated results. From the literature review, it can be found that cloud microphysical properties can be related to precipitation detection. The cloud physical propertied(CPP) algorithms were used here which is based on cloud water path(CWP), cloud top temperature(CTT), cloud effective drop radius(CRE) and cloud optical thickness(COT) to estimate rain rate. It shows relative good results after calibration by in-situ data compared with the result obtained from an older Auto-estimator(AE) algorithm which is only based on CTT.Different remote sensing elevation data were compared and evaluated for characterizing the drainage area and network. The Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission(SRTM) in the resolution of 30 m and the Dutch official “Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland” or(AHN), an airborne LIDAR based DEM, in resolutions of 5m and 0.5m. The results showed that the drainage network derived from 0.5m resolution gives a relatively good agreement when linked with the real drainage network.Then the DMS(Duflow Modeling Studio) suite was evaluated for its use for modeling rainfall runoff and flows through the constructed Kristalbad wetlandTwo simplified prototype models(a RAM component) and a Duflow network model were built using data from the Water authorities and our derived remote sensing data. The simplified “prototype” RAM –Duflow modeling was performed on the area in order to simulate the rainfall runoff. The DMS was run only in the RAM mode because of the complexity of the infrastructures and drainage systems, and also the limitation of the data. Results of the simulation indicate that RAM is a useful tool to compute rainfall runoff from user defined catchment areas. Although a first Duflow network schematization of the waste water treatment plant(WWTP)- Elsbeek to Kristalbad system was initiated, research time(at ITC < 6 months all in), did not permit to generate a full model set-up and perform modeling runs. We can recommend to continue the research with more detailed follow-up studies for setting up a full flow and water quality model of the system and verify the applicability of the DMS suite. Also the use of satellite data for monitoring and predicting extreme rainfall in the region could be further continued.