Expression And Significance Of HSP27 In Oral Lichen Planus And Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Lichen Planus(Lichen Planus,LP) is a kind of chronic superficial inflammation diseases with the skin-mucosal hyperkeratosis sexual lesions, the cause is still unknown, which can occur in the skin,mucous membranes and finger(toe) individually or simultaneously.The lesions occur in the mouth called oral lichen planus(oral Lichen planus, OLP), are diseases of the oral mucosa after recurrent oral ulcer diseases. Middle-aged females are the most fragile group,with a prevalence of about 0.51%.Its basic features of the oral mucosa are symmetrical, appeared gray and white stripes, striped densely interwoven when reticulate,branches may become scarce and stripes around the hyperemia redness, severe may be erosion, long duration, recurrence. The etiology of OLP is varied and complexed,it is often related to the factors like : psychological, immunological,etc.There is no uniform standard in clinical classification. Seoane, in accordance with the different biological behaviour be classified as erosive OLP and non-erosive type, and the former is easy to malignant transformation than the latter,but its carcinogenic mechanism is still not clear.Oral squamous cell carcinoma(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumor in oral andmaxillofacial, accounting for about 90% of oral cancer, and its mortality rate ranks first in oral squamous cell carcnoma,and great harm. Occurred in adults aged 40 to 60, the tongue, cheek, gums, palatal and maxillary sinus is the most common. World Health Organization(WHO,2005) according to the degree of malignancy of the tumor, cells and nuclear pleomorphism, and mitotic activity of differentiation of the OSCC was divided into high, medium and low grade. Clinically partial OLP can be transformed into OSCC, especially of erosive OLP to cancer are at greater risk, and the longer duration of lesions, the higher likelihood of malignancy. In 1910, the Hallopean had reported cases of OLP canceration for the first time,after successive studies have shown that OLP with canceration tendency at home and abroad. The development of carcinogenesis of OLP are undergoing a "normal oral mucosa epithelial cell dysplasia�'precancerous�' epithelial dysplasia �'OSCC" dynamic process, is a multi- stage, multiple genes, together with the condition of multifactorial factors,its etiology and pathogenesis is still unclear.Heat shock protein(heat shock protein, HSP) is a group of proteins widely found in biology with highly conservative protein in nature, also known as stress proteins when the biological cells are attacked by various damaging factors. In 1962 by the geneticist Ritossa discovered in studying drosophila salivary gland.Recently, the most widely used is the Morimoto division method, the HSP family is divided into HSP90, HSP70, HSP60 and small HSPs(s HSP) four families. Heat shock protein 27(heat shock protein 27, HSP27) is an important member of s HSP,with the low level of expression in the physiological state,to participate in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and other physiological processes, when there is external environment stimulation of the body,primarily by inhibiting the partial denaturation or misfolded protein aggregations,promote irreversible damage to the protein hydrolysis, and inhibitin of apoptosis protein hydrolysis to play the role of protection in cells. Recently, studies have reported that in many malignant tumor tissues, such as gastric cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, etc. The expression of HSP27 are increased. Although there is a certain relationship with the occurrence and development of HSP27 in a variety of malignant tumors, but on expression and relations of HSP27 in oral lichen planus and cancer have not been examined.Objective: Under the guidance of immunohistochemical technique, this experiment observes the expression levels of HSP27 in the oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell cancer damaged tissues, and to discuss the expression levels between HSP27 and oral lichen planus and the development of cancer, for the clinical treatment of oral cavity compressed moss and canceration and provide a new method.Methods: Collect 32 cases of oral lichen planus tissue paraffin blocks, among which, 18 cases are of no pithelial hyperplasia while 14 cases are of pithelial hyperplasia. All of them have been examined and verified by the clinical and pathological department of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University. All the collected cases have not used any corticosteroid hormone or immunosuppressant drugs; have no general disease three months before taking biopsies. Collect 8 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma paraffin blocks(both transformed from oral lichen planus). All patients who had not received chemotherapy and immunotherapy in preoperative, and postoperative pathologically confirmed for squamous cell carcinoma. Another 15 cases of normal oral mucosal tissue, all of them are from crown lengthening surgery,the surgery of removing ambushed impacted wisdom tooth and maxillofacial traumatic debridement process. All the specimens of paraffin block need to be fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded by the paraffin. Besides, 5μm thick section should be prepared, too.Conduct immunohistochemical staining to HSP27 by using immunohistochemical SP method. With phosphate buffered saline(PBS) to take the place of primary antibody as a negative control, and HSP27 positive specimens known as positive control. HSP27 immunohistochemical staining positive are cytoplasm or cell membrane which exist yellow or claybank chromosome. The ones which have no claybank chromosome are negative expression. Image analysis by image analysis system. The immunohistochemical result judgment of the immunologic tissues using semi-quantitative integration method(points=staining intensity×dyeing cells proportion)determination. Record the grades of the two different kinds of factors’ percents of positive cells and their staining intensity, the final result will be calculated by multiplying the two marks. In accordance with the final score is divided into the following four categories: 0 into negative(-), 1~3 into weakly positive(+), 4~8 divided into moderately positive(++), ≥ 9 into strongly positive(+++).The resulting data will be statistically analyzed by means of SPSS13.0 statistical software package, and immunohistochemical study on experimental results of single factor using χ2 test, rank-sum test groups were compared by Wilcoxon test level data. Signficance level α takes 0.05, P<0.05 for the difference was statistically significant.Results:1 Results of HSP27 staining in normal mucosa groupThe immunohistochemical experiment shows that HSP27’s positive expression indicates cell membrane and cytoplasm to varying degrees of yellow or yellow-brown stain, and negative expression was no brownishyellow stain.In ordinary oral mucosal tissue, the expression of HSP27 was low, which is mainly concentrated in cytoplasm. Only 3 cases of the 15 patients with normal oral mucosa was weakly positive expression, the expression was 20.0%.2 Results of HSP27 staining in oral lichen planusHSP27 express the different parts in the oral lichen planus with or without abnormal epithelial hyperplasia of the organization.In oral lichen planus patients without epithelium dysplasia, the HSP27 expression on epithelial layer mainly located in the basal layer cells and the spinous layer of cells, granular layer sporadic positive expression,which indicates strong positive expression in the cells of spinous layer, lamina proprialy mphocytes infiltrating weakly visible expression. In 18 cases of OLP without epithelial dysplasia tissues appears 12 cases with positive expression, the positive expression rate was 66.67%, higher than the normal oral mucosa, compared with normal oral mucosa, there was statistical significance(P<0.05).In oral lichen planus with epithelium dysplasia impaired tissues, the HSP27 positive expression is mainly located in the base layer, which indicates strong positive expression in the cells of base layer. In 14 cases of OLP patients with epithelial dysplasia have occurred in 11 patients positive expression, positive expression rate for 78.57%. statistically significant compared with normal mucosa(P<0.05), but compared with no epithelial dysplasia,there was not statistical significant(P>0.05).3 Results of HSP27 staining in oral squamous cell carcinomaIn oral squamous cell carcinoma, the HSP27 expression mainly in cancer cells, which indicates strong positive expression in the nests central, while the surrounding area cancer cells expressed weakly positive. In 8 cases of OSCC lesions have occurred in 5 patients strongly positive, positive expression rate for 87.5%. Compared with normal oral mucosa and OLP without dysplasia, there were statistical significant(P<0.05),while compared with OLP patients with epithelial dysplasia, there was no statistical significant(P>0.05). As for HSP27 expression in OSCC typing this experiment has not been done related research.The resulting ata was statistically analyzed by means of SPSS13.0 statistical software package. Between the four groups compared with using χ 2 test, χ 2 value was 29.966,P value of 0.001(P<005) there was statistically significant,compared between age,gender differences had no statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusions:1 This experiment inspected HSP27 expression in the ordinary oral mucosal tissue, oral lichen planus without epithelium dysplasia,oral lichen planus with epithelium dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma, the positive expression rates were 20.0%,66.67%, 78.57%,87.5%. The positive expression rates were increased in turn, there was an increasing trend.2 High expression of HSP27 in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma suggests that it may have certain significance in oral carcinogenesis process.