| The mineral resources is energy security of promoting development of national economy. The exploitation of the mineral resources brings material benefit,but meanwhile, it leads to the destruction of the ecological environment in the scope of the mining area and surrounding areas inevitably.As an important method to the protection of the ecological environment,the ecological compensation has arose widespread attention.The effect of the ecological compensation system on the mineral resource is obvious for governance and recovery of the ecological damage caused by the exploitation of the mineral resource,from exploring the establishing of the compensation system of mine ecological environment restoration put forward by the state council to the exploring and implementing the mine environmental recovery and management deposit system around.The academia also made a lot of research for the establishment of the ecological compensation system on mineral resources, but mostly from a macro perspective for studying the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism of mineral resources and lack of specialized studies on the mineral resources ecological compensation. As the important source of the cost of the restoration and governance of the ecological environment of the mine areas.The establishment and implementation of the mineral resources ecological compensation system has played a important role, and the systems and professional analysis must be able to play significant reference for the ecological protection.Many places in China have conducted pilot collection on the mineral resources ecological compensation and the mine environmental restoration margin currently.but there are some problems. Due to the lack of the sound legal basis, it is difficult to unify charging standards in each place,which results in a number of obstacles faced in practices.It is difficult that the mineral resources ecological compensation is carried put as a sound system around the country and it can be applied in a reasonable manner to protect the environment in practice. Why does collect the ecological mineral resources compensation? And how does collect? They have become the core issues of establishing the ecological compensation system. In the situation,the rational and efficient ecological compensation system should be established to promote the implementation of environmental improvement and recovery efforts in the mineral resources development areas.Legal basis is the prerequisite and basis for the collection of cost.Scholars have made a lot of research for theoretical basis of the ecological compensation.But those research include a lot of theoretical basis basically and lead to the confused concept of ecological compensation and the existing cost.Firstly, the concept of compensation is a starting point to explore the legal basis for ecological compensation.Second, the nature of the charges of the current mineral resources and the ecological compensation will be analyzed.Meanwhile, the practice of the relevant ecological compensation locally is combed and analyzed to research their problems found. It depends on analysis of the necessity and feasibility of the cost for formulating reasonable cost collection system.Through the study of the legitimacy in science and the adjustment of industrial structure, it provides a convincing basis for the mineral resources ecological compensation and lays a foundation for the construction of mineral resources ecological compensation system.It is difficult that the construction of the mineral resources ecological compensation system can be achieved easily.In the conclusion, it argues that the improved model and the reformed model are two feasible projects. The improved model is optimized for current mineral resources ecological compensation cost,the mining area environment to restore the governance deposit,mineral resources ecological compensation fund on the basis of the existing practice of collecting ecological compensation cost.The improved costs is relatively less, but still can not fundamentally solve the problem of overlapping cost.The reformed model will regard the cost on the purpose of restoring the ecological environment as a unified ecological compensation cost.And it analyses the collection and management system of the ecological compensation cost. It regards reforming the environmental tax as the ultimate goal. |
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