Research On Multiple Subjects’ Participation In Community Governance

Along with the economic and social development, grassroots administration system has been gradually innovated. The community in China is developing from "unit system" and "street committee system" to "community system". The community will also gradually replace the unit and become a carrier that people rely on, which makes the community governance increasingly important in the position of social governance. The party and the government are no longer the only subject of community governance, as due to the constant reinforce of community residents’ democratic awareness and sense of autonomy, community residents participate in the community public affairs through community residents committees, NGOs and other organizations, facilitating a new pattern of multiple subjects participating in the community governance. This pattern stands for the development direction of community governance, but it is inevitable to confront problems and difficulties in the exploration process, so it is urgent to take effective countermeasures to promote their healthy development.Beginning from the development process of community governance, this paper introduces three representative community governance patterns in China, namely government-guiding pattern, community autonomy pattern and mixed pattern, which present a common point of multiple subjects participating in the community governance. The government is no longer the sole governance subject as a variety of organizations and community residents are able to participate in public affairs in the community through certain channels and platforms. Although there are still numerous problems, it has become a development tendency in the future. Shenzhen is in the forefront of China’s reform and opening up, which also has many innovations in the aspect of community governance, whose participation subjects include some community workstations with local characteristics and community joint stock companies apart from traditional subjects of community party branches, community residents committees and NGOs. The pattern of multiple subjects participating in community governance possesses strong specificity and representation. If the pattern can be targeted for improvement and enhancement, such as orientating the role of all governance subjects more clearly, stimulating the participation enthusiasm and awareness of community residents, improving community public services and so on, the community governance of Shiyan Street will be more standardized and orderly, providing more learning references for other regions.Based on the theoretical research and empirical analysis on Shiyan Street of Shenzhen City, this paper proposes to build an overall structure idea of multiple subjects participating in the community governance. In order to fully play the roles of this community governance pattern in easing social conflicts, promoting the transformation of government functions, protecting the interests of community residents and promoting grassroots democracy, etc. it is urgent to conduct clear role definitions of all community governance subjects, explicit their functions and power reference, clarify the relationship of each other, so that they can achieve standardized and orderly community governance within mutual cooperation, mutual interdependence and mutual complementation. The community party branches should play a core leadership role well, strengthen political and cultural guide as well as coordinate the interests of different groups in the community; the government and its agencies should not only avoid the situation of "only one superpower", but also play a good leading role in a rather long time in the future, when they are formulating and perfecting rules of community governance and community development planning, they should also carry out effective organizations, security and oversight to the community governance of multiple subjects. As an autonomous organization, the community residents committee has to play the role of a bridge between the community residents and the government, perform well as a "spokesman" of the interests of community residents, conduct a group decision making in all community affairs, so as to adequately protect the interests of the community residents. Other NGOs of a community are not only the representatives of collective interests of a particular community residents group, but also providers of public services besides the government and the market. They can strengthen community residents’cohesion and sense of belonging through organizing a variety of activities. The community residents are the true masters of the community, so all the other subjects should fully respect and guarantee the interests of community residents and accept their supervision in the process of participating in community governance. All governance subjects should identify their roles, the government fulfills its functions of organization and management, the community party branches and community residents committees fulfill their main functions and NGOs fulfill the function of filling up a vacancy. Clarifying the relationship between each other and strengthening consultation and cooperation are able to make the community governance pattern participated by multiple subjects effectively promote the stability and development in the community.