| In July2010, Chongqing Municipal Government issued the Chongqing Municipal People’ Government on the views of the urban and rural household registration system reform. From August15on, the first in the country launched a comprehensive reform of the rural household registration system,3million farmers into urban residents in2011,10million new urban residents by2020, the urbanization rate increased from29%in2010to60%. Marks Chongqing city promotes the reform of household registration system at the same time, also be rural land system, social security system and other related system reform and improvement on schedule. At present Chongqing city transfer forms is mainly urban property transfer, business transfer, nearby on the spot turn door, three trust transfer, college students, migrant workers transfer, retired soldiers, five guaranteed transfer, land farming turn city and village in city turn door. Transfer type of the above, the willingness and motivation of its withdrawal from the land are inconsistent, causing the status of the entire household exit the land mode, part of Transfer exit the of the land and does not quit the land several models.The healthy operation of the urbanization and Chongqing Municipality in the smooth development of the household registration system reforms an important step in the establishment of rural land exit mechanism to optimize rural land exit. First analyzes of the household registration system reform and land exit process and summarizes the Chongqing Municipality’s existing rural land exit the mode and characteristics; analysis of factors affecting rural membership of a college student and part-farmers out of the land; and again clear the Rural Land exit the mode optimization-driven and operation mechanism; Finally, the future of Chongqing rural land exit the mode optimization of safeguards and countermeasures. The main conclusions are as follows:(1)There is a certain correlation between the household registration system reform and rural land exit. In China’s urbanization process, the household registration system reform is to eliminate long-term institutional discrimination, it concerns about the Supporting measures of urban housing, employment, health care, education and social security system, and at the same time the household registration system reform need to focus on dealing with the problems about the right to use the homestead and contracted land of the members of the village collective economic organizations.the change of Household registration from farmers to the citizens means change of identity, and losing of its rural members of the collective rights as a result they should quit the use of rural land. In accordance with relevant laws and regulations, in the process of urbanization Residents of Farmers should quit the using right of Homestead and contracting right of Rural land. He reform of household registration system and rural land Exit are not isolated from each other, But there is an inevitable linkage.(2) Although the implementation of land out of work have a policy to support the development of industrialization and urbanization, to promote early accumulation of experience, the improvement of the land market and more effective to attract many favorable factors in Chongqing, But also the existence of long-term dependence of farmers on the social security function of land, lack of publicity work, the standard of compensation is difficult to formulate supporting policies not yet implemented, back to the wishes of farmers differentiation serious farmers less overall Transfer, farmers increase the compensation expectations and sectoral assessment of thrust, and a series of constraints of rural land to exit the limiting factor. In this context, the household registration system reform as an opportunity, combined with the existing rural land in Chongqing from mode, comprehensive management of census register and the rural land problem disposition and the optimization of the current rural land exit mode.(3)The will of the farmers Transfer inherent drive differences, the willingness of students Transfer Relate with policy. In the household registration system reform background, the non-farm employment has an important impact on the exit of rural land, the older head of the household, and the wishes of willing to change from rural household accounts to urban accounts. And enjoy the treatment of urban citizens as a condition to give up the rural homestead and housing, access to certain compensation for are stronger. The proportion of family non-farm employment, non-farm income and employment distance Affect the willingness of rural land exit heavily. While the proportion of family non-farm payrolls and the proportion of non-agricultural income is the division method, for farmer’s part. The two are closely related and have consistency. Greater the proportion are and, the will of quitting the rural land in the county are stronger. Non-agricultural employment outside the county their exit wishes are stronger than non-farm employment in the county. When farm income is less than the transportation costs and workers fees etc., the armors are more willing to quit the land. Nearly half of the farmers are on the sidelines about the exit policy of the rural land, not only treat the land as their property rights and interests, and have special attention to protect their interests and employment rights, etc. so the will of Transfer with the exit of rural land and the security system are closely linked.(4)The Optimization direction of Chongqing City’s household registration system reform of rural land exit mode is to have the urbanization drive, driven by industrial development, ecological migrants and non-agricultural employment promoted integrated. For me a perfect exit methods and remedies, he village as a unit combined with the reform of household registration system documentation requirements for the rural land exit, Ideas of Future rural land exit mode mechanism is to Combine with the reform of the household system which means the Changes in Siamese of household registration changes and land use rights changes. Farmers Transfer at the same time should be allowed out of the rural land use rights. Establish a rural land Management station in the rural collective economic organizations level, Inherit the right to dispose the rural land after exit from the village, and then tender the circulation of this part of rural land, this method bring the feasibility of large-scale operation and also an orderly resolution of the right to dispose land after rural exit. |
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