Study On The Formation And Evolution Mechanism In Marine Aquatic Products Processing Industrial Cluster In Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone

With developing and exploiting resources deeply and efficiently, marine aquatic products processing industry is not only the important industry carrier of "Building Maritime Power" strategy, but also the industry which features currently most significant cluster layout in the coastal region, possessing the largest number of enterprise community and capacity of the strongest employment absorption in the traditional marine industry. Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone is China’s main processing and exporting base of the marine aquatic products. From the mid-1980s to the late 1990s, the marine aquatic products processing business community gradually developed with taking Yantai, Weihai, Qingdao and Rizhao as the core four cities. At the end of 2012, the total number of marine aquatic products processing enterprises is nearly 1900. Recently, however, affected by weak domestic and foreign demand, rising production costs and other factors, internal companies encounter bottlenecks and some even run into trouble in the current cluster development mode. Although the existing literature have adequately studied the competitiveness and development status of marine aquatic products processing industry cluster, they don’t analyze it in the perspective of formation and evolution process of industrial cluster. Therefore, carding the process, identifying the causes of problems and proposing innovative development models and strategies will be a necessary task to carry out.This paper reviews the domestic and foreign theory and research results on the formation and evolution of industrial clusters, indicates that there has been problems, such as the replacement of prior analysis by post hoc analysis and explanatory power shortage of single concept. Then the paper briefly describes the concepts and theories of Evolutionary Economic Geography and constructs the analysis framework of industrial cluster formation and evolution in the perspective of the concepts and theories. Next the paper defines the concept of marine aquatic product processing industry and analyzes the current development status of China’s marine aquatic products processing industrial cluster. The paper analyzes the formation process of marine aquatic products processing industrial cluster in Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone through the application of the competition selection, practice heritage and game theory of market entry, and draw the following conclusions:(1) Entrepreneurship, resource development, policy promotion and system reform are the main driving factor.(2) In the early stages of the industry development, there are different clusters between the industry entry and local cluster entry. Compared with the industry entry, the resistance that local enterprises encounter is relatively small in the local cluster entry. That results in the phenomenon that the early industry clusters consist mainly of local enterprises. In late stages of industry development, entering into the business is the best choice for enterprises in industry and local cluster entry, and the incumbent chose acquiescence. And the paper analyzes the evolution process of the cluster through the application of derivation of enterprise, innovation-driven and path dependence, and draws the following conclusions:(1) Three forms of innovation (enterprise system innovation, product processing innovation and marketing innovation) is the force of the cluster evolution. (2) Derivation of enterprise, optimization of products production chain and construction of R & D community are the micro-path of cluster evolution. Interactive network in the cluster and resource-dependent bifurcation are the meso-path of cluster evolution. Moreover, mariculture area expanding and labor productivity increasing are the direct driving force in the formation of new path. Finally, according to the research on cluster development history, aquaculture-processing-marketing collaborative innovation development strategy is proposed on the basis of the current problems analysis of cluster and research in experience of domestic and international governance of cluster. Furthermore, several countermeasures are proposed, namely, industrial chain integration, operation improvement of industry associations, collaborative innovation of product and technology, collaborative construction of brand and construction of food quality and safety traceability system.