| The irrational use of land and water resources in producing activity caused water and soil erosion. Soil and water erosion in development to a certain extent will worsen ecological environment. Consequently economy development has in the collar. Water and soil loss is a major environmental problem in China, so the conservation of water and soil is both a natural question and a social problem.In order to control the water and soil erosion, human beings carry out the ecological compensation of soil and water conservation, which can safeguard the sustainable utilization of soil resources and the sustainable protection of ecological environment.The compensation is a kind of the effective investment and management of the natural ecological system.Establishing and improving the ecological compensation mechanism of soil and water conservation and adjusting the relations between stakeholders play a very important role on the prevention of soil erosion, the improvement of ecological environment and the sustainable development of regional social economic.Therefore, the study takes the Ninghua County in the west of Fujian Province as an example since it is a serious area in water and soil erosion. The author will use the methods of field investigation, questionnaire, in-depth interviews and statistical analysis to study the ecological compensation mechanism in Ninghua. First of all, on the basis of the historical review in governance and the analysis of the causes of soil erosion, the author will discuss the ecological compensation mechanism from the view of the related practice of the soil and water conservation ecological compensation, making the cost accounting and value assessment of the ecological services of water conservation, ecological compensation standard and so on. The study found that the causes of soil and water Loss are complex, and several results of goverance were lost.The mechanism of compensation is progressive and innovative, and the benefits of compensation initially appeared. But there are some problems with the mechanisms of compensation, such as vulnerability and instability, lacking of incentives and so on.Secondly, after making the cost accounting and value assessment of the ecological services of water conservation from 2001 to 2011 in Ninghua, the conclusions are as follows:ecological services of soil and water conservation cost 116.85 million yuan per year, newly increased fees is 424.26 million yuan, newly increased fees in the market value of ecosystem services is 142.59 million yuan per year.Thirdly, from the perspective of ecological service cost and value of water and soil conservation to explore the two types of ecological compensation standard of water and soil conservation in Ninghua County from 2001 to 2011 by considering the benefit degree of beneficiaries, willingness and ability of paying.Based on the willingness,the market value of ecological service compensation standards is 55.0032 million yuan per year and the compensation period should match with the scales of ecosystem restoration time, which used as the reference standard of compensation. Based on cost allocation of the benefit, the standard of compensation is 116.85 million yuan per year and it is a one-time compensation, which used as the minimum standard of compensation.Finally, aiming at the shortage of ecological compensation mechanism of soil and water conservation in Ninghua County, some specific policy recommendations are put forward:building a comprehensive network of ecological compensation, promoting the changes of the soil and water conservation, strengthening the ability of self compensation; exploring the diversification of compensation subject and compensation way; enhancing the incentive effect of the ecological compensation. |
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