Measuring And Decomposing On Inequality In Access To Safe Drinking

In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, industrial, agricultural water consumption increasing, water pollution continues, the vast majority of our country residents have been faced with varying degrees of safe drinking-water shortage. On the other hand, China’s economic development is unbalanced from west to east, according with the construction of water supply facilities, and the water-supplying service also exist regional differences, Disparity in access to safe drinking-water access have a long history in our country.In this paper, the research status of inequality in access to safe drinking-water and its influencing factors are analyzed, and then, Treating the Sample households as the research object by Using 1989～2011 year China nutrition and health survey (CHNS) data. According to the measure before decomposition research train of thought, This research measures inequality in access to safe drinking-water based on the overall perspective, income level and regional level. And on this basis, constructing the OLS regression model of the safety of drinking water and decomposing inequality of safe drinking-water access for studying the influence factors of inequality in China’s urban and rural residents, the eastern, central and western regions.Measuring the concentration index of safe drinking water from 1989 to 2011, found that Pro rich inequality of safe drinking water has been exist in our country, Inequality of Low-income residents safe drinking-water is more serious than high residents, High-income residents safe drinking water accessibility close to equality. Compared with the eastern region, the disparity of residents safe drinking-water access in the middle and west region is greater. the concentration index of safe drinking-water access in the middle region is more close to the west region. Inequality in access to safe drinking-water in urban is higher than in rural areas, and the disparity in access to safe drinking-water between urban and rural residents in eastern region is greater than in the medium and western regions.The mean and concentration index of all safe drinking-water access related variables were calculated, found that means inequality of income distribution is exist in all regions, and earnings is more concentrated in the high degree education, work, non-agricultural (forestry, livestock) occupational groups. through the OLS regression model, inequality of safe drinking-water access were decomposed in the Eastern, middle, western regions, and in the urban, rural. shows that household per capita income, water supply services, rural, western regions, family size, education, agriculture (forestry, livestock) occupation, family facilities’ concentration index effect to safe drinking water access inequality is positive, indicating that these factors are to strengthen the safe drinking water access inequality. Among them, the water-supply service and household per capital income are the most main factor for inequality in access to safe drinking-water in all regions.Finally, based on the measurement results, inequality in access to safe drinking-water is exist between socioeconomic strata, regions,urban and rural areas. Combined with the inequality decomposed results in safe drinking-water access between the Eastern, middle, western regions, and in the urban, rural, the paper further gives the relevant policy recommendations for the improvement of drinking water environment of rural, low-income groups, the western region residents.