Study On Cultivation Condition And Pruning Method For Retarding Culture Of Primocane-fruiting Red Raspberry

Raspberry(Rubus idaeus L.),a type of perennial deciduous subshrub,belonging to Rubus of Rosacea,is widely considered to be one important member of the third generation small berries.Because of its high nutrition value,the demand of market increases year by year at home and abroad.However,at present the vast majority of raspberry is still planted outdoors in domestic,and the harvest time generally focuse on June to October.For the reasons that raspberry fruit could not be stored for a long time and was not suitable for long distance transportation from abroad,the supply of raspberry fruit are far from the market demand.Thus,it is necessary to carry out the research on raspberry anti-season cultivation.At present,there has been report on forcing culture but no delaying cultivation about the off-season raspberry in China.Thus,in this work,we conducted the following research:Taking primocane-fruiting red raspberry 'Heritage' as test materials,we observed its growth and fructification situation in different fields,cold tents,greenhouse and other cultivation mode,compared the differences of phenophase,tree growing,fruit capability,yield and fruit quality among different cultivation mode,and explored the optimal cultivation mode of primocane-fruiting red raspberry growth.Meanwhile,the research on the effect of different time and degree of pruning on delaying the cultivation wer carried out to explore the best pruning method.These results will provide technical support for the delayed planting of autumn raspberry fruit.The main results were as follows:1.The growth situation of primocane-fruiting red raspberry in different cultivation conditionsThrough investigating the growth situation of Primocane-fruiting red raspberry'Heritage' cultivated in four different condtions including field,cold shed,sunlight greenhouse ?,sunlight greenhouse ?,we found that the phenological period of plant under the protecting cultivation condition was 7?40 d earlier than under the condition of field cultivation.Meanwhile,the fruit maturation period delayed for 30?55 d.The plant primocane height under plant protection was higher than cultivation in the open field.The plants under the field cultivation conditions was more sturdy than under the protected cultivation conditions.Although the largest single fruit of primocane showed in plant cultivated under field conditions,the floricanes were easy to "pumping".Plant cultivated under sunlight greenhouse I conditions gained the highest yield per plant and higher fruit comprehensive quality than other cultivation conditions.Sunlight greenhouse ? has the highest net income and the best economic benefit,followed by greenhouse ?,cold shed cultivation,field cultivation.Taken together,sunlight greenhouse ? cultivation provided the most suitable primocane-fruiting raspberry growing conditions,and could be used to realize the optimiztion high of yield and high benefit cultivation.2.Effect of pinching and pruning on retarding culture of primocane-fruiting red raspberry in greenhouseThrough different pruning pattern(CK,2?5 cm light pinching,1/3 stub,2/3 stub,stumping)and pruning period(May 1,May 16,June 1,June 16,July 1)treatments on the primocane of primocane-fruiting red raspberry 'Heritage' in sunlight greenhouse,we found that:pruning could affect the phenophase,the tree growth,the fruit production and distribution,etc.Light-pinching during vegetative period can make raspberry blossom delay for 9?15 d,short section peace stubble treatment can significantly delay the phenophase of raspberries,but flat stubble treatment lower survival rate with time delay.Short section could increase the sprouting rate under lateral bud.Vegetative pinching and pruning promoted the elongation growth of lateral branch and the enlargement of the stem growth.Pinching at reproductive growth period has less effect on stem diameter and number of lateral branch.Fruit yield and their distribution were closely associated with time and degree of pruning.With the increasing of pruning degree delay of clip and picling time,and pick fruit time became longer,the lower fruit production could be gained;Sof-pinching that only performed at vegetative stage had effect on promicane-fruiting red raspberry fruit yield and distribution.Pruning had little effect on fruit appearance quality and mineral elements.Therefore,proper pruning could effectively increase the yield and delay fruit ripening in the vegetative growth period.Taken together,the best pruning method was stumping the plant when it grew to 50 cm height in the beginning of May.