Study On Diversity Of Medicinal Plant Resource In Maqu County

From July 2015 to October 2016,a comprehensive and systematic investigation on wild medicinal plants in Maqu County was made via the method of sample plots,sample line,interview and investigation combined with 3S(RS,remote sensing,GIS,geographical information system and GPS,global positioning system)technology.And furthermore the diversity of the wild medicinal plants,flora composition of medicinal seed plants,plant resources of Tibetan medicinal materials,and the distribution of genuine regional drugs,also including their abundance,diversity index and synthetic value assessment system were also analyzed.In order that our work would provide theoretical basis for the sustainable utilization and conservation of medicinal plant resources in Maqu County and the control of grassland desertification caused by harvesting medicinal materials.The results were as follows:(1)Medicinal plant resource in Maqu CountyMaqu County has 311 species of wild medicinal plants in total,belonging to 154 genera and 53 families.Among which medicinal Lichen has only 1 family 1 genus 1 species,medicinal Fungi have 3 families 3 genera 3 species,Pteridophyta have 4 families 4 genera 5species,Gymnosperm have 2 families 2 genera 3 species and Angiosperm have 43 families144 genera 299 species.It could be seen that the wild medicinal plants in this area are dominated by Angiosperms,and there are many medicinal materials of regional features.Maqu County has 9 species of national second-level key protected plants,1 species of national third-level key protected plants,and 6 national third-level key protected medicinal materials.Asteraceae is the largest family and mainly consists of single family and miniature family.On the level of genera,single genus and miniature genus occupies the greatest proportion.Species of single family and genus also account for a large proportion,which has important significance on species diversity.In addition,3 species were found for the first time in Gansu,which are Polygonum divaricatum L.,Hippophae goniocarpa Y.S.Lian et al.ex Swenson & Bartish and Polygontum qinghaiense Z.L.Wu et Y.C.Yang,respectively.(2)Medicinal properties of medicinal plants in Maqu CountyAccording to study on the life forms,medicinal plants in Maqu County are mainly herbaceous plants and perennial herbs are dominant category,226 species,accounting for72.67% of the total species and woody medicinal plants are scarce.The study on medicinal parts shows that the whole plant type wild medicinal plants are the most,which has 158 species and accounts for 50.80% of the total species.Root-like and rootstalk-like type rank the second.And according to statistic results based on pharmaceutical properties of medicinal plants in Maqu County,cold medicine are the most,next are peace medicine and warm medicine,cold medicine have the least.Based on the difference of taste,bitter medicine are the most,and next are the order of sweet,pungent,slightly bitter,sour,mild,slightly sweet,acerbity and slightly pungent.Based on the medicinal efficacy,diaphoretics occupy the largest amount,139 species,accounting for 44.69% of the total wild medicinal plants species.(3)Flora of medicinal seed plants in Maqu CountyReferring to the system of Wu-zhengyi about areal-types of seed plants in China,the medicinal seed plants in Maqu County can be divided into 4 areal-types and 4 variants in the level of family and 8 areal-types and 10 variants in the level of genus,which conclude that the flora of medicinal seed plants in Maqu County has obvious temperate characteristics.And in the level of genus,north temperate areal types are dominant and the flora exhibit a characteristic of young and derivative.Similarity Comparison with 7 neighboring areas showed that Maqu has highest similarity with Luqu County,followed are Sanjiang National Natural Reserve,Yongdeng County,Taizi Mountain National Nature Reserve,Kongtong mountain,Zhouqu County in order and has lowest similarity with Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve.Meanwhile,it reflects consistency between the climate zones,natural environment and the similarity relation of the 8 regions.(4)The source of special local traditional Chinese medicine in Maqu CountyThere are 44 families,115 genera,200 species of Tibetan medicinal plants in Maqu County,accounting for 83.02% of the total families,74.68% of the total genera and 64.31% of the total species,which occupies an important position in the composition of medicinal plants in Maqu County.Among all the Tibetan medicinal plants,95 species of Tibetan medicinal plant have the same medicinal parts,85 species have different and 20 species only used in Tibetan medicine.Among which genuine regional drugs have 20 families,28 genera,35 species,accounting for 37.74% of the total families,18.18% of total genera and 11.25% of the total species,respectively.The maximum is the resource genuine regional drugsof S in the meadow,Simpson diversity index(D)and Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H)in its maximum value in the shrub,Pielou species evenness index is a litte change Pielou,With the increase of altitude S value,the value of D and H rises,respectively,at an altitude of 3700 m,3700 m and 3800 m at the maximum,then decreases,and at an altitude of 4500 m,to the minimum,J values change slowly.In Maqu County,the resource genuine regional drugs reserves for 394678.75 t and the economic quantity and yearly-harvest quantity are up to245768.87 t and 76134.71 t,respectively.By means of assessing comprehensive evaluation of these original plants of genuine regional drugs,the results showed that higher level ones account for the largest proportion,more than half of the all species and the lower level are only Potentilla anserina L.and Ligularia virgaurea(Maxim.)Mattf.The higher level ones are mostly national protected plants and key protected plants,so the local government and the masses should immediately increase protection and take measure to the in situ conservation and scientific harvest of those higher level species.