Investigation And Study On Diversity Of Wild Medicinal Plant Resource In Maiji District

On the basis of the Fourth National Chinese Traditional Medicine Resource Census Pilot Job—Maiji District Chinese Traditional Medicine Resource Census Job, the paper made a comprehensive and systematic investigation on the wild medicinal plant resource of Maiji District from July 2013 to May 2015, and furthermore made analysis and research on the diversity of the wild medicinal plants and its pharmaceutical properties and functions, flora composition and the distribution of key census wild medicinal plants, also including their aboundance,diversity index and synthetical value assessment system. In order that our work can provide rich basical materials to the development and utilization of the researched wild medicinal plant resources and its biodiversity conservation. The main results were as follwow:(1) According to the relevant literature and the collected specimens' identification, Maiji District has 675 species of wild medicinal plant resources in total, belonging to427 genera and 146 families. Among which fungi have 14 families 17 genera 22 species. Lichens have 2 families 2 genera 3 species. Bryophytes have 6 families 7 genera 7 species. Pteridophyte have 12 families19 genera 29 species. Gymnosperm have 5 families 8 genera 13 species. Angiosperm have 107 families 374 genera 601 species.. It can be seen that the wild medicinal plants in this area are dominated by Angiosperms, among them the dicotyledon have absolute advantage. Which are the same as the species compositon of wild medicinal plant resources in China..(2)The wild medicinal plants in Maiji have a wide variety of life forms. Among which perennial herbs are dominant category, which occupied 48.44% of the total species.The second and the third are one or two year-born herbs and shrubs, which occupy 16.89% and 16.44%, respectively. Trees are the fourth, contain 8.74% of the total. Vines occupy 4.44%. Fungi and Lichens occupy 3.70%. Half-shrubs occupy the least, only 1.33% of the total species.(3) Among all the medicinal parts of wild medicinal plants in this area, whole plant type wild medicinal plants are the most, accounting for 29.78% of the total species. Root-like and rootstalk-like type is the second, accounting for 24.44%. Overground part type ranks the third one and accounts for 13.89%. Flower and inflorescence type wild medicinal plants have the least number, only occupied 1.33% of the total species. In all of the wild medicinal plants, medicinal part of 81 species are poisonous. According to the difference of toxicity, these poisonous wild medicinal plants are classified as extremely toxic, toxic and slightly toxic. Among them 39 species are slightly toxic, 39 species are toxic and 3 species are extremely toxic, which account for 5.78%, 5.78% and 0.44% of the total species, respectively. So we should identify and pay attention to the safety during havesting and using them.(4) According to statistic results based on pharmaceutical properties, we found that cold medicine(including great cold, cold and slight cold) are the most in Maiji, accounting for 30.96% of the total species. Peace medicine rank the second and account for 29.04% of the total species. Next are warm medicne and cold medicine, which respectively account for 20.59% and 19.11% of the total. Hot medicine have the least, only occupy 0.30% of the total species. Based on the difference of taste, we found that bitter medicine are the most, accounting for 41.33% of the total species of wild medicinal plants. Next are sweet medicine and pungent medicine, accounting for 28.30% and 24.15% of the total species, respectively. Acid and tasteless medicine have a total number of 34 species, accounting for 5.78%. Salty medicine have 2 species and account for 0.30%. Acerbity medicine have the least, only account for 0.15% of the total species. Based on the difference of medicinal efficacy, diaphoretics were found having the largest amount, accounting for 35.70% of the total wild medicinal plants species. Followed by which are rheumatism type, tonic type and blood-activiating and stasis-dissolving type, accounting for 14.07%, 10.81% and 8.00%of the total species, respectively. Purgative type and emetic type have the least, each only account for 0.15% of the total species.(5) Referring to the system of Wu-zhengyi about areal-types of seed plants in China, the 112 families of wild medicinal seed plants in Maiji District can be divided into 8 areal-types and 8 variants. Among which 42 families belong to widespread areal-type and account for 37.50% of the total families of wild medicinal seed plants in Maiji. A total of 37 families belong to tropical areal-types and account for 33.04%, in which pantropical areal-type reach to 24.11% of the total families, which is the areal-type contains the most families besides widespread areal-type. These indicate that on the level of family, flora of wild medicinal seed plants in Maiji have a relative closely association with what in tropical area. While 33 families belong to temperate areal-types, accounting for 29.46% of the total families, which indicates that the temperate composition also has some influence on the flora of wild medicinal seed plants in Maiji District.On the level of genus, the 382 genera of wild medicinal seed plants in Maiji District can be classified into 14 areal types and 16 areal variants. Besides 49 genera belonging to widespread areal type, tropical areal types and its variants all have 65 genara, accounting for 17.02% of the total genera.While temperate areal types and its variants reach to 268 species, accounting for 70.16% of the total genera. Among which, north temperate areal type is dominant with the maximum of 63 genera, accounting for 16.49% of the total genera. The second is whose variant—the north and south temperate disjunct areal type, has 47 genera, occupies 12.30% of the total genera. The third one is old world temperate areal type, has 36 genera and accounts for 9.42% of the total genera. The forth is the pantropical areal type, has 33 genera accounting for 8.64%. Because areal-types of genus can refect a region's floristic characteristics more accurately than that of family, we can conclude that flora of wild medicinal seed plants in Maiji District has obvious temperate characteristics.(6)Among all 675 species of wild medicinal plants in Maiji District, there are 82 species belonging to key investigation wild medicinal plants, which account for12.15% of the total species in this area. By means of assessing synthetical value of these key medicinal plants, we find that among the 82 species, 79 species have a high or relatively high synthetical value, which account for 96.34% of the total key investigation medicinal plants. We can say that the wild medicinal plant resource in Maiji District have rich species and high prehensive value.(7)In Maiji, only key sensus wild medicinal plants' resource count to about 62840 t, the economic quantity and yearly-harvest quantity is up to 40410 t and 12320 t, respectively. Such as Selaginella pulvinata(Hook. et Grev.) Maxim., Akebia trifoliata(Thunb.) Koidz., Pueraria labata(Willd.) Ohwi., Toxicodendron vernicifluum(Stokes) F. A. Barkley, Periploca sepium Bunge, Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn.,Arctium lappa L. Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.) Baill. et al are all important wild medicinal plant resource in this area. In addition, as most regions of Maiji District belong to forest or forest edge areas, its habitat itself is suitable areas of wild medicinal plants, so Maiji has a high suitable condition to develop traditional Chinese medicine planting and other related industries.