Problem Analysis Of Special Inquiry At Local People's Congresses And Their Standing Committees

Inquiry and interpellation are important ways that generally adopted by the authority to monitor the administrative organs and judicial organizations under the representative democracy mode, China that implements the system of people's congress is no exception. However, from a practical point of view of political practice, the inquiry and interpellation that carried out at all levels of people's congresses in China have a great gap between the parliamentary system in western developed countries, no matter from the frequency or intensity. If we integrate the inquiry practice at all levels of people's congresses and their standing committees, we can find out that there is not even one case every year since the establishment of people's congresses, especially since the establishment of inquiry system, some of people's congresses and their standing committees have never exercised the right to address inquires. On the other hand, although the application of inquiry supervision is much more, it is often applied during NPC or the joint meeting of NPC, which is randomly proposed by NCP member to address questions, and the monitoring effect is less than satisfactory. Therefore, the current situation of NPC supervision needs to be improved urgently. In this way, strengthen the NPC supervision, innovate monitoring means, so as to better adapt to the economic and social development as well as the implementation of democratic politics, have become an important task for people's congresses and their standing committees at all levels, which is also a strong demand from the masses. In 2010, the "Special Inquiry" was initially proposed at the Standing Committee Work Report of the 11th National People's Congress the Third meeting, when the inquiry was innovated, moreover, three times of special inquiry were carried out in that year, which have provided good examples for local people's congresses to carry out special inquiries. Since then, the special inquiry has been launched in vice-provincial above NPC Standing Committees, the majority of municipal NPC Standing Committees and some of county level NPC Standing Committees. All in all, "Special Inquiry" is booming as an innovative means of supervision by the NPC.The political practice of "Special Inquiry" is just emerging as a new monitoring tool, while its academic research is only in the infancy. Many of the basic concepts of the existing research is not even unified; which is also presented in a separated or theory-emphasized way in regards of specific operational recommendations. Overall, both the practice of NPC and its standing committee, and the academic theoretical studies, are lies in the phase of initial exploring, as neither the institutional building nor theoretical system is perfect. In particular, the "Special Inquiry" that carried out by local people's congresses and their standing committees are invariably imitating practices of higher level of people's congresses and their standing committees, which is lack of standardization, and the innovation is not strong enough. In addition to the political caution, the reasons for this also include cognitive limitation, insufficient experience, insufficient theory support, self-construction needs to be improved and external environment needs to be optimized. Thus, it is necessary to deepen the research on "Special Inquiry", in addition, based on the experience summary, the concept attribute, legal status, theoretical basis and operational recommendations of "Special Inquiry" should be explicit, unified and systematized, so as to deepen the understanding toward "Special Inquiry" from the aspects of legislation reformation, system construction and concrete operation, furthermore, to comprehensively promote the implementation of "Special Inquiry" from the following aspects, including subject selection range, self-construction strengthen and system relations, which is contribute to the practice of "Special inquiry" and the practice effect.This paper is divided into five parts:The first chapter is the introduction, it states the background and significance of the topic, introduces the research status concerning NPC supervision and special inquiry both at home and abroad, then is defines the research methods, key points and difficult points as well as innovations, points out the inadequate research and practice status quo of special inquiry.The second chapter identifies the key concepts related to special inquiry, makes in-depth explanation on the historical development, definition, basic principles, constituent elements, value effect and necessary meanings of "Special Inquiry", and analyzes the basic theory of "Special Inquiry" systematically.The third chapter takes the special inquiry carried out in Laiwu municipal people's congress and standing committee as an instance, in addition, it adopts literature analysis, comparative analysis and empirical analysis to analyze the basic situation, the useful experience and existed problems that related to special inquiry, and then it presents reasons for these problems;The fourth chapter introduces advanced experience of foreign parliamentary inquiry, and then sums up the reference significance for the special inquiry building in our country.The fifth chapter puts forward recommendations that might improve the special inquiry of people's congresses and their standing committees at all levels from five aspects:First, to establish a normalization mechanism, enrich practical form; second, identify the legal status of special inquiry, enrich choices; third, focus on details, improve the relevance and effectiveness; fourth, strengthen self-construction, improve the local people's congress system; fifth, optimize the external environment, and strengthen local NPC authority.