Feasibility Study On Chaquan Integrating Into School-Based Curriculum In Elementary Schools Of Jinan City From The Perspective Of “One School One Boxing”

Originated in Guan County, Shandong Province, Chaquan which is categorized as traditional Changquan among the Hui people, is one of the five major schools of boxing. It is one of the outstanding traditional martial arts. In the history of Chinese martial arts, there is a saying "southern boxing, northern kicking and Shandong Chaquan". Chaquan is a tangible carrier of long history, culture and prosperity, embodying the cohesion of the Chinese nation wisdom and culture, permeated with the essence of Chinese traditional culture, reflecting the basic spirit of the Chinese nation, full of Chinese traditional culture gene. Carrying rich Chinese traditional culture, it has functions of physical fitness, self-defense and improving motor skills and personality. Chaquan is inherited and disseminated in several ways: patriarchal clan system and the blood relationship as the main line of the family inheritance, apprenticeship, schools and professional team, and the spread in public.Since the ending of agricultural civilization in China, with the advent of the information age and the era of big data, especially with the accelerated pace of new rural reconstruction, a wave of peasant workers into urban areas, the previous peasant gathering unit was ruptured and reconstructed, and great changes have taken place in the inheritance and base of dissemination of Chaquan. As a result, schools may a major domain for the inheritance, development and dissemination of Chaquan. Of course, the entrance of martial arts into school experienced ups and downs. It has been more than a century since 1914. In the meantime, the relevant authorities in order to better popularize and improve the teaching of martial arts, have implemented a large amount of manpower and materials to study the teaching content and teaching strategies. In order to solve new problems of local boxing entering schools and those of school-based curriculum, the Wushu teaching guidance committee of the Ministry of Education also put forward "weakening routines, highlighting method, and emphasizing application”, in an attempt to make local boxing enter schools, and become the school-based textbooks of local schools. However, due to insufficient feasibility analysis or research, there has not been a proper solution for martial arts to enter into schools.Originated in Guan County Shandong Province, Chaquan is popular among the major cities and countryside across the province. In the early years of the Republic of China, Chaquan was taught in Jinan Martial Arts School, which facilitated its rooting in Jinan, and over time, Chaquan has been developed by leaps and bounds. Now, learning and teaching of Chaquan can be seen in the main squares, large residential areas, Hui quarters, and many martial arts training places in the city. As an outstanding representative of Chinese culture, Chaquan is endowed with the task of constructing socialist culture and power, realizing the dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and improving the national cultural soft power. It has responsibility to take the task of education and inheritance of outstanding culture.Junior strong China strong, elementary school is the primary stage of education, the cradle of cultivating the future of the country. Wushu education in elementary schools is necessary for improving the physique of teenagers, a step to realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Chaquan is well developed in Shandong; Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, is an ideal place for Chaquan entering in martial arts teaching. It is an urgent issue, on the part of state educational authorities, to integrate Chaquan into school based wushu curriculum, to construct a new system of wushu teaching in the city, to improve the education of excellent traditional Chinese culture, and to solve the bottleneck problem of the martial arts education.The Third Plenary Session of the 18 th Central Committee of the CPC "resolution" proposed a national reform policy of "consummating education on Chinese excellent traditional culture, which provided policy support for improving Wushu education and solving the bottleneck problem of Wushu teaching in primary schools. This research focuses on the feasibility and practical approach for Chaquan integrating in school-based curriculum of elementary schools in Jinan City. It from theoretical and practical perspective provides systematic interpretation on the goal setting, content construction and implementation strategy of Chaquan teaching in elementary schools of Jinan City. Experts and scholars such as Qiu Pixiang, Cai Zhong Lin, Lu Shaojun, Wang Xiaogang, and Guo Bindai have previously put forward many insightful views on those three aspects, suggesting that: teaching on routines should be deemphasized with respect to goal setting and content construction, and meantime national spirit cultivation and martial arts culture should be enhanced; find technical moves involving attack and defense through change in Wushu routine moves in the process of teaching, and emphasize the application of attack moves through idealized training of the moves. The design of Wushu education in schools is in lack of original presence of local boxing, and real combat content of traditional Wushu, where the emphasis on Wushu routine technique is insufficient, deviated from the fundamental requirements of Wushu education. Although local boxing is integrated in Wushu education in some places, it eventually fails to meet the target due to misconduct in teaching implementation strategy, and insufficient motivation and interest on the part of students. Consequently, Wushu teaching in primary schools did not reach the goal of " attaching importance to etiquette training " and " cultivating interest in learning martial arts ". This paper, for the purpose of returning to the essence of Wushu education, for inheriting, developing and improving education on Chinese traditional culture, adopts the methods of literature research, qualitative research, and systematic dialectical thinking, to study goal setting, content construction and implementation strategy with regard to Chaquan integrating into school-based curriculum in elementary schools of Jinan City. In the light of the novel idea of " strengthening routine, emphasizing attack, combination of drill and practice” as put forward by current Wushu education reform, this study explores the feasibility of Chaquan integrating into school-based curriculum in elementary schools of Jinan City, and conducts in-depth specific research on the topic. The following conclusions are drawn from the study:1 "One school, one boxing” represents effective strategies for diversified and lively inheritance of Wushu, which is a practical approach to “strengthening the routine” and provides theoretical basis for Chaquan integrating into school-based curriculum in elementary schools of Jinan City.2 Targets for knowledge and skills in the teaching process concerning Chaquan integrated into school-based curriculum in elementary schools of Jinan City: acquire knowledge on Chaquan and cultivate interest in martial arts; mastering the skills of Chaquan is the core of teaching; gain understanding of "process and method" in learning school-based curriculum. Through years of practice, one can understand the knowledge source, rules and features of attacking related to Chaquan, and also the intrinsic qualities including essence, vital breath and spirit. Emotion, attitude and values are not isolated, which represent the three stages in the process of understanding for a person who practices Chaquan.3 In the light of the novel idea of "one school, one boxing”, grounded in the essence of wushu, and based on children's physical and mental development, original attacks in Chaquan are selected as the theme. The technical system of Chaquan routine is adopted as five skills(left and right front kick, cross over, snap kick, pounding, left and right shoulder roll); as basic skills, one of classic Chaquan routines is selected for Grade 1-2 and Grade 3-6 respectively; combat system involves five skills(left and right front kick, cross over, snap kick, pounding, left and right shoulder roll), three types of fisting, four types of kick(front kick, trample, leg drive, swing) and relatively safe wrestling techniques. From low grade to high grade of primary school, the teaching should be gradual, from little to much and from simple to complicated.4 Implementation strategy: cultivation of interest in martial arts serves as the purpose, and the concept of "physical health" is adopted in teaching and life; multiple methods are applied, involving rich and colorful teaching and exhibition; comprehensive abilities are developed, involving the participation of community, school principals, teachers, parents, and children.