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A Comparative Study Of Chinese And American Doctoral Program Admissions System Development

Posted on:2017-07-27Degree:MasterType:Thesis
Country:ChinaCandidate:K ZhangFull Text:PDF
GTID:2347330488453804Subject:Education, education history
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Admission is an important part in the doctoral student education. If people look at China's doctoral students' education with an international perspective, it can be obtained with conclusions. This article will compare China's and the United States' doctoral student admissions, recalling the history of China's and the United States' doctoral student admissions. Because China and United States are not the same in social environment, this article will compare China's and the United States' doctoral student admissions from a social and historical point of view. Finally, this article will make some suggestions for China's ongoing doctoral student admission reform.This article has five parts.The first part of this article describes the creation of the Chinese doctoral student's education and the development of doctoral students' admissions. In that period of the Republic of China, China educational institutions try to admit doctoral students. During this time, the Ministry of Education established three levels which consist of degree standards. PhD is the highest level. But, the period of the Republic of China is a period of social unrest period. Multiple wars broke out in this period. So, Chinese educational institutions had been unable to recruit doctoral students in the period of the Republic of China. Whith the establishment of People's Republic of China, China's educational institutions have enrolled once candidate doctor students. This act imitates the Soviet Union. However, education policies have been changed. When these students graduated, they did not get candidate doctor or PhDs. The real PhD education began in the 1980 s.Under the Ministry of Education, China's higher education institutions began to admit doctoral students. China's higher education institutions place too much emphasis on student test scores. This brings a lot of problems. In the twenty-first century, China's higher education institutions began to follow admissions modes of Germany and the United States. This model stressed evaluation of students from multiple standards.The second part focuses on the development of the American doctoral student entrance examination system. In the 19 th century, Yale University first started to recruit doctoral students in the United States. Subsequently, the US universities had to recruit more and more doctoral students. The United States has a number of nonprofit organizations. Nonprofit institutions like the Association of Graduate Schools and the Association of American Universities help to improve the quality of doctoral education. The Educational Testing Service Center organized the Graduate Record Examination. This examination can provide to the University admission standards. These tests are not perfect. Computerized adaptive testing brought some problems. Students' scores may be affected by these problems. The traditional paper test will not have these problems because students and teachers have a wealth of experience in this area.The third part is the main content of comparison between China's and the United States' doctoral student admission system development history. This includes admission eligibility, admission plan, application conditions, examination system, the interview process, letter of recommendation, and so on. The universities in China and United States have a lot of similar ideas in recruiting doctoral students. Of course, there are many differences between universities in China and United States. The Chinese Ministry of Education determines how much each university can recruit doctoral students. American universities determine themselves how many doctoral students can be enrolled. Chinese universities organize the doctoral entrance examination. United States universities often use non-profit organizations' examinations. The Chinese Ministry of Education requires that all universities should organize doctoral admissions interviews. American universities have the right to decide whether to interview, and how to interview. Although China and the United States have different processes, both Chinese universities and United States universities require letter of recommendation. Lastly, Chinese universities pay more attention about test scores. American Universities have varied admission standards.The fourth part of this article was a discussion about the differences between China and the United States in the doctoral student admission system. First, the United States has many private universities. These universities are relatively independent. China's prestigious universities are all public universities. The government management on universities is very strict. China has a long history of Imperial Examination. It has a deep impact on Chinese culture. Chinese educational institutions and student recognize test scores above everything else. At last Chinese universities have a shorter history than United States universities. Chinese universities have less experience compared to American universities on doctoral student admission.The fifth part of this article made some suggestions about the Chinese doctoral student admission system. Regarding the Chinese doctoral Admission System, there are four issues worth considering. Regarding admission is it fair? Is the Letter of recommendation needed? Are there too many students in Ph D degree programs in china? Are applications better than examinations? Lastly, this article presents two recommendations. First, universities can strengthen the links between universities with organized examinations. This helps to ensure fairness in doctoral student admissions. Second, universities should provide students with more information. This can reduce blind applicants.
Keywords/Search Tags:Comparison between China and America, Enrolment of Doctoral Education, History Development, Reform of the Enrolling System
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