Guilin City Modernization Research:1885-1949

The history in Guangxi, Guilin is the earliest joins the central government and the important transportation hub in the northeast of Guangxi, Guangxi traditional political center city, occupies an important place in Guangxi since time immemorial.After the establishment of the Republic of China, Guilin with the traditional advantage and resistance of the home front position in one of the "four big cities" in Guangxi.In modern history, the Chinese government has always maintained are full sovereignty belongs to Guilin, neither open port, is also not affected by a series of unequal treaties directly, only in the war between November 1944 to July 1944 by the Japanese short control.This is the different from Wuzhou, Nanning, Longzhou, such as the characteristics of open port cities, and of course that does not make Guilin is not affected by factors of modernization. Fell in late Qing dynasty, especially after the China-French war, the external shocks and the influence of the "New Deal" driven by Guilin began its early modernization process; Early years of the Republic of China to the eve of the war of resistance through two moving in the province of repeated impact, both under the provincial capital of stagnation of depression after moving to Nanning, and experience the new department of Guangxi's four major construction; Moved by the agitation during the Anti-Japanese War, in terms of talent, technology, capital get strong foreign aid, prompted cities rapid development in the short term; Guilin all affected by the war, however, evacuation, the fall is a scorched earth; After the war of Guilin, the government and people and the agency problems arising from the executive yuan in Guangxi branch, with the help of a concerted effort to rebuild in Guilin, but strength is limited, and interference by civil war, always bounce cannot fully recover before the war. In addition, the war of Guilin city in 1940, as was the only one in Guangxi city level administrative units, the organizational system of the urban management institutions than other cities in Guangxi improve; The construction of Xiang-Gui railway traffic has greatly promotes development of Guilin city. This article will focus on investigation of Guilin city during 1885-1949 phenomenon and law of modernization.Full text consists of introduction, body, conclusion of three parts, including the text is divided into four chapters.Introduction:including the selected topic reason, the selected topic significance, the research both at home and abroad, the key difficulty, the innovation, research methods, definition, etc.The first chapter mainly from the geographical environment, the organizational system evolution, the urban construction and economic development, culture and education prosper from several aspects such as ancient reviews the formation and development of Guilin city. Guilin city type during this period is headed by military and political functions, economic functions times administrative center of the city. Economic development are attached to the government and the garrison, culture education service for political rule, give priority to with bureaucratic talent cultivation. This chapter lay the foundation for modern Guilin city below change.The second chapter focuses on the political modernization in Guilin.Consultations bureau, provincial council, the interim council and a series of the establishment of public institutions, the establishment of Guilin as a special municipal government agency, the police career from scratch and preliminary development, all this is the progress of city administrative system. At the same time, is the modern characteristics of municipal construction also in gradually, in the future urban development planning in order to carry out, urban infrastructure is perfect; Because of the damage is serious, in post-war reconstruction of Guilin city.The third chapter focuses on the modernization of economy in Guilin. Under the background of modernization, the treaty port of Guilin is still foreign activities, traditional handicraft industry in the production of raw materials, production organization, product, market and management form is more than present modern characteristics. City commercial, even traditional business group is the emergence of new business areas, new industry, a new way to trade, commercial organizations appeared. Financial industry is gradually complete the modernization transformation, the national bourgeoisie strength growing. Modern industry started in The New Deal in the late Qing dynasty, the eve of the war of resistance to get preliminary development. Affected by many factors during the war, a brief prosperity, but also declining because of the destruction of war and the end. Modern traffic communication business, new way of transportation, transportation and communication are put into use, in turn, and is becoming more and more development and progress.The fourth chapter focuses on the Guilin innovation in the field of ideology and culture. From establishment to the further development of the modern new education aims to train the ability of independent thinking and healthy personality, as well as the relevant professional skills talents, and eventually replace the old education. In the advanced intellectuals under the influence of the social progress trend will lead the general public to achieve enlightenment and consciousness awakening, and then an active part in social practice. Influenced by multiple factors in time of war, the Anti-Japanese War cultural city of Guilin unprecedented pomp, this is not only the prosperity of culture, but also the liberation of thought.Conclusion will be discussed on the above, on the basis of comprehensive investigation on the dynamic analysis of Guilin city modernization and defects of the experience and draw lessons from three aspects to discuss.